Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

T he formation of stars and the chaoticenvironmentstheyin- habitisoneofthemostwell- studied, but also mystery-shrouded, areasofcosmicinvestigation.Thein- tricacies of these processes are now being unveiled like never before by NASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTelescope. Two new images from Webb’s NIR- Cam (Near-Infrared Camera) andMIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) show- case star-forming region NGC 604, located in the Triangulum galaxy (M33), 2.73 million light-years away from Earth. In these images, cav- ernous bubbles and stretched-out filamentsofgasetchamoredetailed and complete tapestry of star birth than seen in the past. Sheltered among NGC 604’s dusty envelopesofgasaremorethan200 ofthehottest,mostmassivekindsof stars,allintheearlystagesoftheir lives.ThesetypesofstarsareB-types andO-types,thelatterofwhichcan bemorethan100timesthemassof our own Sun. It’s quite rare to find this concentration of them in the nearbyuniverse.Infact,there’sno similar region within our own Milky Waygalaxy. This concentration of massive stars, combinedwithitsrelativelyclose MAY-JUNE2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 39 إن ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﺿﻮﻳ ﺘـﻲ ﺔ اﻟ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫـﻲ واﺣـﺪة ﻣـﻦ أﻓﻀـﻠﻬﺎ إن . ﻣﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟـﻢ ﺗـﺘﻢ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ، وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﻨﻔﻬـﺎ اﻟﻐﻤـﻮض . ﻳﺘﻢ اﻵن اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪات ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ت. ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻮرﺗﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛـﺎم ) ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ( وﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻣ ي ) أداة اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ( ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم NGC 604 ، اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة ا ﺜﻠـﺚ )M33 ( ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 2.73 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨ ﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض . وﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮر ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋـﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﻴﻮط ا ﻤﺪودة ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺮة اﻟﻐﺎز ﻧﺴﻴﺠﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺎ وﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻮﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ رأﻳﻨﺎ ﰲ ا ﺎﴈ . ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻲ ﺑ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﻐﱪة ﰲ NGC 604 أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 200 ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ وﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺔ، وﻛﻠﻬــﺎ ﰲ ا ﺮاﺣــﻞ اﻷوﱃ ﻣــﻦ . ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻫﻲ أﻧﻮاع B وأﻧﻮاع O ، وﻫﺬا اﻷﺧ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻦ 100 ﻣﺮة ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻨﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎدر ﺟـﺪًا اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋـﲆ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺰ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ . ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠـﺔ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻫﺬا اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ إﱃ ﺟﻨﺒـﺎً ـ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻗ ﺮﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﻲ أن ـ ﻳﻌﻨ NGC 604 ﺗُﻈﻬــﺮ ـــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﺼـــﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄـــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ NIRC ـــــــــــﺎ ) ﻣ ا اﻷﺷـــــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــــــــــﺖ اﻟـــــــــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻘﺮ ( ـــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـــﺎ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــ ﻮبﺟـــ ﻤﺲو ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم NGC 604 ـﻒ ﺗﻘـﻮم ﻛ ـــــﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣـــــﺔ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـــــﻮم اﻟﺸـــــﺎ ﺔ اﻟﺮ ـــــﺎح اﻟﻨ ﻤ اﻟﺴـــﺎﻃﻌﺔ واﻟـــ ـ ﺤﺎرة ﺑﺤﻔـــﺮاﻟﺘﺠـــﺎو ﻒﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻐـــﺎز واﻟﻐ ﺎر اﻟﻤﺤ ﻂ ﺑﻬـﺎ . ﺗﺸـ اﻟـ ـ ﺨﻄﻮط ـﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺎﻟ اﻟﺰاﻫــــــــــﻲ إﻟــــــــــﻰوﺟــــــــــﻮد ﺟﺰ ﺌــــــــــﺎت ذات أﺳــــــــــﺎس ـــــــــﺪروﻛﺮﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮ ـــــــــﺔ ﻛﺮـــــــــﻮﻧﻲ ﺗُﻌـــــــــﺮف ﺎﻟﻬ ﻣﺘﻌــــــﺪدة ا ﻠﻘــــــﺎت وﻋﻨــــــﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴــــــﺎﻓﺮ أ ﻌــــــﺪ ﻣــــــﻦ ـــــﺎر ﺗﺠـــــﺎو ﻒ اﻟﻐ ﺘﺸـــــ ﻞ ﻓﻴﻬـــــﺎ اﻟﻤ ﺎﺷـــــﺮة اﻟـــــ اﻟـــــﻨ ﻢ ﻓـــــﺈن اﻟﻠـــــﻮن اﻷ ﻤـــــﺮ اﻷﻋﻤـــــﻖ ﺸـــــ إﻟـــــﻰ اﻟ اﻟﻬ ﺪروﺟ ـ . ﺠﺰ ﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻐـﺎز ـﺎرد ﺑﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟ أﺳﺎﺳـــ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺸـــ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠــــﻮم ــــﺪروﺟ و ﻈﻬـــﺮاﻟﻬ اﻟﻤﺘـــــﺄﻳﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳــــــ ﻄﺔ اﻷﺷــــــﻌﺔ ﻓــــــﻮق اﻟ ﻨﻔﺴــــــﺠ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﺷ ﻞ ﺗﻮﻫﺞ ﺷﺒﺤﻲ أﺑ ﺾوأزرق . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4