Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

fundedbytheU.S.NationalScience Foundation,toanalyzeasupermas- sive black hole binary located within the elliptical galaxy B2 0402+379. This is the only supermassive black holebinaryeverresolvedinenough detail to see both objects sepa- rately, and it holds the record for havingthesmallestseparationever directly measured — a mere 24 light-years. While this close separation foretells apowerfulmerger,furtherstudy revealedthatthepairhasbeen stalledatthisdistanceforover threebillionyears,beggingthe question; what’s the hold-up? To better understand the dynamicsofthissys- tem and its halted mergerthe team lookedtoarchivaldatafromGemini North’sGemini Multi- ObjectSpectro- graph(GMOS),which allowed them to de- terminethespeedofthe starswithinthevicinityo fthe blackholes. “The excellentsensitivityofG MOSallowedustomapth estars’in- creasingvelocitiesasoneloo ksclosertothe galaxy’s center,” said RogerRomani, Stanford University physics professor and co-author ofthepaper. “Withthat,wewere able to infer the total mass of the black holes residing there.” Theteamestimatesthebinary’s mass to be a whopping 28 billiontimesthatoftheSun,qualifying thepairastheheaviestbinaryblack hole ever measured. Not only does this measurement give valuable context to the formation of thebinarysystemand thehistoryofitshost galaxy, but it sup- ports the long- standing theor y that the ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 35 ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳــﻞ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ، ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳـﻮد ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻀﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻘﻊ داﺧﻞ ا ﺠﺮة اﻹﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻴـﺔ B2 0402+379 . ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد اﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻀﺨﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺠﺴﻤ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼـﻞ وﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﳼ ﻷﺻـﻐﺮ اﻧﻔﺼـﺎل ﺗـﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق - ﻣﺠﺮد 24 . ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣ أن ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻳﻨﺒﺊ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻣﺎج ﻗـﻮي، ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ دراﺳـﺔ اﺧﺮى أن اﻟﺰوج ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﺳـﻨﺔ، ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻄـﺮح - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4 إن ﻫــــــــــﻮ أﺳــــــــــﻮدﻳﻦ ﻫــــــــــﺎﺋﻠ اﻧــــــــــﺪﻣﺎج ﺛﻘﺒــــــــــ ﻇــﺎﻫ ﺮة ﺗــﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﺒــﺆ ﺑﻬــﺎ ﻣﻨــﺬ ﻓــ ة ﻃﻮ ﻠــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺪم رﺻـﺪﻫﺎ . ﺸـ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎﺷـﺮ إﺣـﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬــﺎ ﻋﻠﻤـــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﻫـــﻲ أن اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ــﺎت اﻟـــ ﻫـــــــــﺬﻩ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـــــــــﺔ ﺿـــــــــ ﻤ اً ﺔ ﺟـــــــــﺪ ﻟﺪرﺟـــــــــﺔ أﻧﻬـــــــــﺎ ﺗﺴــــــــــﺘ فﻣﺠﺮﻬــــــــــﺎ اﻟﻤﻀــــــــــ ﻔﺔ ﻣــــــــــﻦ اﻟﻤــــــــــﻮاد اﻟﻨ ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺪ ﻓﻊ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﻬﺎ . ﺼﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲﻫﺬا اﻟﺴ ﻨﺎر ﻮ . اﻟﺴﺆال؛ ﻣﺎ ﻮـ اﻟﺘﻌﻄ ﻴﻞ؟ـ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ أﻓ ﻀﻞ ـ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺗﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﻣ ﻔﺔ ـ ﺞ أرﺷ ﻴﻊـﺟﻤ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﺟﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺘـﻌـﺪد اﻻﺟﺴﺎم ) (GMOS اﻟ ﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﻧﻮرث واﻟﺬي ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء . ﻗﺎل روﺟﺮ روﻣﺎﻧﻲ أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻔﻮرد ﺆﻟﻒ ــ او ا ﺸ ﺎرك ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ ": ﺤﺜﻴﺔ ــ اﻟﺒ إن اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ا ﻤﺘﺎزة ﻟﻠ ﻤﻄﻴﺎف ) GMOS ( أﺗﺎﺣﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ رﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠ ـ ا ﴪﻋﺎت ﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮ ة وﺑﻬﺬا ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻫﻨــﺎك ". ﻳﻘـﺪر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوي ٢٨ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ﻣﺮة ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸ ـﻣﻤ ﻤﺲـ ﺎ ﻳﺆﻫﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻴﻜﻮن أﺛﻘﻞ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳ ـﻮد ـ ﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﻋ ﲆ ـ اﻹﻃﻼق . ـﻫ ﻄﻲـ ﻻ ﻳﻌ ﺬا اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻴﻤﺎ ـﻗ ﻴﺎﻗًﺎ ـﺳ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻋـﻦ ﻨـ اﻟ ﻲــ ﻨﺎﺋـ ﻈﺎم اﻟﺜ وﺗـﺎرﻳـــﺦ ا ﺠﺮة .[NOIR- Lab/NSF/AURA/J.daSilva/M.Zamani]