Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

onourplanet:wefindcultures,to- tallyuninterestedinwhatexistsbe- yond what the naked eye shows, coexistingwithculturesthatlaunch themselves into scientific endeavors beyond the limits of the most dar- ing science fiction. Even if there werea“confederation”ofparticu- larly advanced ETCs, it would be enoughforjustoneofthem,inany given era, to decide to act against common values, and the zoo-level ETCs would be aware of the exis- tence of the others. It should be noted that the risk of violating hegemony increases with the num- ber of civilizations involved, so if there were a multitude we would perhapsalreadybeawareofit.Fur- thermore,ifthe“confederate”ETCs were numerous enough to commu- nicatewitheachotherinareason- able time, even more numerous would probably be those of zoo- level which, however backward, would nevertheless be able to freely send radio signals into space. We Earthlings have been doing this for severaldecades:aroundtwentydi- rectedmessageshavebeensentso far towards relatively nearby stars and towards the globular cluster M13.Thefirstmessagesalreadyar- rived at their destination (Epsilon EridaniandTauCeti)inthesecond half of the 1990s; others are about to arrive (Gliese 581 in 2029 and 2030, Luyten's Star in 2030). IfmanyotherETCsofourlevelora littlemoreadvancedhadactedlike us in the last 50,000-100,000 years and continued to do so, the Milky Waywouldbepermeatedwitharti- ficial radio signals, and although not intentionally sent towards the Earth, they could accidentally speed inourdirection.However,this“by- product”ofthezoohypothesisdoes notseemtobeareality,somuchso that from 1960 to today none of the copious SETI experiments have recorded signals that cannotbe at- tributedtoterrestrialtechnologies or natural sources. While avoiding any radio contact, otherrevealingcluestothepresence of ETCs or Extraterrestrial Intelli- gences (ETIs) could however spread into space, as recalled by Crawford and Schulze-Makuch in their article: “Even if they can hide evidence of theirtechnology(spaceprobes,com- munications traffic and so forth), hiding the large number of inhab- ited planets in the background im- plied by such a scenario would probably prove challenging (unless they are able to bring an astonish- ingly high level of technical sophis- tication to the task). In any case, advanced technological civilizations mayfinditdifficulttohidethether- modynamicconsequencesofwaste heatproduction,whichisindeedthe basis of some current technosigna- ture searches. Moreover, any space- faring civilization is likely to gen- erate a great deal of space debris, and the greater the number of ETIs that have existed in the history of the Galaxy the greater the quantity ofdebristhatwilldriftintotheSolar System, where a determined search may discover evidence for it.” Todate,therealityisthatnotech- nosignature (or even biosignature) of any kind has been found outside ourterrestrialcontext.Allthisrein- forces the dominant opinion, ac- cordingtowhichifETCsexistinour galaxy,theymustbeextremelyrare andunawareoftheexistenceofthe others.TheFermiparadoxstillawaits aconsistentanswer...     ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 28 ﯾﺎ ﺑﻨﻲ، ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺘﻌﺮف اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ... ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﻄﺎﻓﻚ . إﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺰﯾﻔﺔ ! إ إﻧﮭﻢ ﺷﯿﺎطﯿﻦ ! إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺠﯿﺸﻨﺎ ! ﻟﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺎھﺰﯾﻦ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺤﺐ ﻣﺼ ﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻐﺰو " ." ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻔﻀﻞ " ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة ". اﺧﺘﻄﺎف ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻲ أرﺿ ﻲ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤ ﺪث ﻫـﺬا ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨـﺎ : ﻧﺠـﺪ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﻏ ﻣﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً ﺑﻤﺎ ﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد وراء ﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮه اﻟﻌ ا ﺠـﺮدة ﺗﺘﻌـﺎﻳﺶ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻠـﻖ ﰲ ا ﺴـﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺧﺎرج ﺣﺪود اﻟﺨﻴﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮأة . ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺗﺤﺎد " " ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺎت ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﺤﻀــﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻴــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧـﺎص ﻓﺴـﻴﻜﻮن ﻛﺎ أن ﺎً ﻓﻴـ ﻳﻘﺮر واﺣـﺪ ﻣﻨﻬـ ﺎ ﻓﻘـﻂ وﻗـﺖ ﰲ أي ﻣﻌـ ـ اﻟﺘ ﴫف ﺿـﺪ اﻟﻘـﻴﻢ ا ﺸـﱰﻛﺔ وﺳـﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت ﻋـﲆ دراﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آ . ﺮﻳﻦﺧ ﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ أن ﺧﻄـﺮ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎك اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨـﺔ ﻳﺰداد ﻣﻊ ﻋ ﺪد اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات ا ﻌﻨﻴـﺔ، ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات ﻓﺮﺑﻤـﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ . ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ، ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ . ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟـﻚ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﺮاﻛـﺰ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ " اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻔﺪراﻟﻴﺔ " ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔـﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ اﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾﰲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﻘـﻮل ﻓﻤﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺗﻠـﻚ ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋـﺪداً واﻟﺘـﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔـﺔ ﺳـﺘﻜﻮن ﻗـﺎدرة ﻋـﲆ إرﺳﺎل إﺷﺎرات رادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻳﺔ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﻧﺤﻦ ﺳـﻜﺎن اﻷرض ﻧﻘـﻮم ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋـﺪة : ﻋﻘﻮد ﺗﻢ إرﺳـﺎل ﺣـﻮاﱄ ﻋـ ـ ًﴩﻳﻦ رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎ وﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ اﻟﻜﺮوي M13 . وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ إﱃ وﺟﻬﺘﻬـﺎ ) إﺑﺴﻴﻠﻮن إرﻳﺪاﻧﻲ وﺗـﺎو ﺳـﻴﺘﻲ ( ﰲ اﻟﻨﺼـﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت واﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧـﺮ ﻋـﲆ وﺷﻚ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ) Gliese 581 ﰲ ﻋـﺎﻣﻲ 2029 و ٢٠٣٠ ، وﻧﺠﻢ Luyten ﰲ ﻋﺎم ٢٠٣٠ .( 2023 وﻧﺠﻢ Luyten م ﰲ ﻋﺎ 2030 .( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﻣــﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺮاﺑـﻊ أو أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻘـﺪﻣ ﺎً ﺑﻘﻠﻴـﻞ ﻗـﺪ ﺖﺮﻓـ ﺗﺼ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ ﰲ آﺧﺮ 50,000 إﱃ 100,000 ﻋــﺎم ﻓــﺈن ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﺳـ ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ إﺷﺎرات رادﻳﻮ اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺪم إرﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻤـﺪ اً ﻧﺤـﻮ اﻷرض ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ذ و ﰲ اﺗﺠﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬا " ا ﻨـﺘﺞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي " ﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت ﻻ ﻳﺒـﺪو أﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ واﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋـﺎم 1960 وﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ أي ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﴩوع "ﺳﻴﺘﻲ " إﺷﺎرات ﻣﻦ ﻏ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻷرﺿـﻴﺔ أو ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ . أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺠﻨﺐ أي اﺗﺼـﺎل ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺘﴩ أدﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﺷﻔﺔ أﺧـﺮى ﻟﻮﺟﻮد ك ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎت ذﻛﻴـﺔ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ذﻛـﺮ ﻛﺮوﻓـﻮرد وﺷـﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﻣـﺎﻛﻮﺗﺶ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﻬﻤـﺎ : " ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻬﻢ إﺧﻔـﺎء دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻓـﺈن إﺧﻔـﺎء ﻋـﺪد ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺸـ إﻟﻴـ ﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻣﺮ اً ﻣـﺎ ) ﺎً ﺻﻌﺒ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻗﺎدرﻳﻦ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى ﻋـﺎلٍ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣـﺬﻫﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻄـﻮر اﻟﺘﻘﻨـﻲ ﻟﻬـﺬه ا ﻬﻤــﺔ .( ﻋﻤﻮﻣــﺎ ﻗــﺪ ﺗﺠــﺪ اﻟﺤﻀــﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ـﺔ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣــﺔ ﺻـﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ إﺧﻔ ـﺎء ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻼت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﺮارة ا ﻬﺪرة واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌـﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ أﺳﺎﺳـ ﻟـ ﺎً ﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ا ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ أن وﻳﺮﺟﺢ أي ﺣﻀـﺎرة ﺗﺮﺗـﺎد اﻟﻔﻀـﺎ ء اً ﻗﺪر اً ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻄﺎم اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ وﻛﻠﻤـﺎ زاد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻄﺎم اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ا ﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﰲ اً ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺠـﺮة زادت ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤﻄـﺎم اﻟـﺬي ﺳـﻴﻨﺠﺮف إﱃ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤـ ﴘـ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ دﻟﻴﻼً ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ . ﻟ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﲆ أي ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺗﻘﻨـﻲ أو ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺣﻴـﻮي ﺧـﺎرج اﻻرض و ﻫـﺬا ﻳﻌ ﺰز اﻟﺮأي اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻧﺎدرة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻏ ﻣﺪرﻛﺔ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻏ ﻫﺎ وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻔﺎر ﻗﺔ ﻓ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاب اﻟﺸﺎﰲ . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4