Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

twoauthorssuggestthattheFermi paradoxcanonlybeansweredwith thezoohypothesis.Asaresult,there shouldexistcountlessETCsatvari- ous stages of evolution, and the only alternatives would be either theutteruniquenessofourciviliza- tionor,atmost,theextremerarity of contemporary ETCs in the Milky Way. In the latter case they would be so spatially dispersed that any contact between them would be impossible.Thezoohypothesisdoes not seem to allow for middle ground, because it is based on the existenceofagalactic(ifnotuniver- sal)culturalorlegalpolicyamonga plurality of civilizations in contact witheachother.Accordingly,there would exist a sort of government that gives precise directives to the moreadvancedcivilizations,sothat they ignore the more backward ones.Inshort,somethingsimilarto the PrimeDirective of“StarTrek,” issued by the United Federation of Planetsandinspiredbyparagraph7 of article 2 of the United Nations Charter−anotherclearexampleof an anthropocentric vision of the problem. Although, as Carl Sagan reminded us, the absence of evidence is not proof of absence, it is even more true that presence is not to be found in the absence of evidence. Awareofthis,CrawfordandSchulze- Makuch seem to support the zoo hypothesis only because the alter- nativescenarioisthedesolatesoli- tude of our civilization. Unfortunately,itsveryassumptions make the zoo hypothesis weak. It requires, for example, the existence onamultitudeofworldsaplurality of cultures capable of developing and sharing common values, some- thingthatcouldonlybeachievedif those cultures received a sort of common imprinting from thosewho should refrain from interven- ing.Thishascertainlynothappened ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻠﺖ أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ھﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﺪ ﻣﯿﻼدك . ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺬھﺎب، ﯾﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﻞء اﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن ا ﻻﺧﺘﻄﺎف واﻻﺷﺘﺮاك ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎ اﻹﺧﺒﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﯿﺔ . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 27 ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻳﻘﱰح ا ﺆﻟﻔﺎن أن ﻣﻔﺎرﻗﺔ ﻓ ﻣـﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧـ ﺎت وﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠـﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤ ـ ﴡ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر واﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﺳﺘﻜﻮن إﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻔـﺮ د ا ﻄﻠــﻖ ﻟﺤﻀـﺎرﺗﻨﺎ أو ﻋ ـﲆ اﻷﻛﺜ ـﺮ اﻟﻨــﺪرة اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة ﻟ ﻠﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﻌﺎﴏة ﰲ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . و ﰲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات ﻣﻨﺘﴩة وﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن أي اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻨﻬ ﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻼً وﻻ ﻳﺒـﺪو أن ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺤﻞ وﺳﻂ ﻷﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم ﻋـﲆ وﺟـﻮد ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ أو ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺔ ) إن ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻋﺎ ﻴﺔ ( ﺑ ﻋـﺪد واﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﲆ ذﻟـﻚ ﺳـﻴﻜﻮن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎت دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻀـﺎرات اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ ﺎً ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ وﺻﻠﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ . ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﳾء أﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ " " ﺳﺘﺎر ﺗﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋـﻦ اﺗﺤـﺎد اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ا ﺘﺤﺪة وا ﺴﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺎدة ا ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺜﺎق اﻷﻣـﻢ ا ﺘﺤـﺪة وﻫـﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل واﺿﺢ آﺧﺮ ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺤﻮر ﺣﻮل اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ا ﺸﻜﻠﺔ . ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ أن ﻏﻴﺎب اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻛـﺎ رل ﺳـﺎﺟﺎن ﻟـﻴﺲ دﻟـﻴﻼً ﻋــﲆ اﻟﻐﻴـﺎب إﻻ أﻧـﻪ ﻣــﻦ اﻷﺻـﺢ أن اﻟﺤﻀ ﺎرات ﻻ ﻳﻤ ﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬـ ﺎ ﰲ ﻏﻴـﺎب اﻟ ـﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻟ ـﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺒ ـﺪو أن ﻛﺮوﻓ ـﻮرد وﺷـﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﻣﺎﻛﻮﺗﺶ ﻳﺪﻋﻤﺎن ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧـ ﺎت ﻷن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ اﻟﺒ ﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺰﻟـﺔ ﻟﺤﻀـﺎرﺗﻨﺎ وﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ ﻓﺈن اﻓﱰاﺿﺎﺗﻬ ﻢ ذاﺗﻬـﺎ ﺗﺠﻌـﻞ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘـﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧـ ﺎت ﻲﻬـﻓ ﺿـﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺗ ﺘﻄﻠﺐ وﺟﻮد ﺛﻘﺎ ﻋﺪة ﻓﺎت ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ وﺗ ﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻋـﻮاﻟﻢ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻠﻘﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺎت ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ا ﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﺌـﻚ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻬﻢ اﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ . إﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ٩ ﻣﺴﺎءً اﻵن، ﻻ ﺗ ﺨﺒﺮﻧﻲ أﻧﻚ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﻜﻦ أﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ، ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ طﻠﺐ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ، واﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ أﯾﻀًﺎ ﻓﻼﺷﺎت اﻟﻄ ﻮارئ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻲ ! ﻻ ﺗﮭﺘﻢ أﺑﺪًا ﺑـ " اﻟﻤﺠﻲء ﺑﺴﻼم !" أﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ أﻧﻚ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻠﺔ ! ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ! زﻋﯿﻤﮭﻢ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4