Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

of years old would know how tomake itself invisible to our instru- ments. This scenario represents one of the possible answers to the well- known Fermi paradox and is knownas the “zoo hypothesis.” In this zoo, ourroleisthatofanimalscagedin a large biopark (the Earth), with which it is forbidden to interfere in any way. Thezoohypothesispresupposes,first of all, that whenever the condi- tions for the existence and evolution of life present themselves, life ap- pears. Secondly, if intelligence is a favorable factor in the evolution of animalspecies,therearelikely countless ETCs in the universe, the vast majority of which are older and more advanced than ours (which, in fact,isdecidedlyinitsinfancy).Just as documentary makers of the ter- restrial animal world carefully avoid interferingwiththedynamicsofNature, more advanced ETCs would, in the same way, avoid interveningin the evolutionary paths of moreprimitive ETCs (such as ourselves). The zoo hypothesis is decades oldand has been reformulated several timesbyvariousauthors.Fromtime- to- time, new works come out thataddressthetopicfromdifferentpoi ntsofview.Amongthelatest,we would like to mention that of Ian A. Crawford(ProfessorofPlanetarySci- ence and Astrobiology at the School of Natural Sciences and the Center forPlanetarySciencesatUCL/Birbeck College) and Dirk Schulze- Makuch(Professor of Planetary Habitability andAstrobiologyattheTechnical UniversityofBerlin,theGFZGerman ResearchCenterforGeosciences, the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater EcologyandInlandFisheries,and Washington State University), which appeared in Nature Astronomy with the title “Is the apparent absence of extraterrestrialtechnologicalcivi- lizations down to the zoo hypothe- sisornothing?”.Inanutshell,the ﻧﻌﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ... وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺋﮫ ﻣﺆﺧﺮًا؟ ﺳﺄﺣﺘﺎج ﻟﺮؤﯾﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ . ﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﺤﻈﻮظﺎن . ﯾﻘﻮل إﻧﮭﻢ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻰ إﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ وﻟﯿﺲ ھﻨﺎك أي دﻓﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ھﺬا اﻹﺟﺮاء أﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺮﻓﺎق، ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻛﺮﻣﺎء ﺟﺪًا، وﻟﻜﻦ أﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪﯾﻜﻢ طﻠﺒﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ " اﻟﺴﻔﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ؟ " ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت ﺗﺨﺎف ﻣﻨﺎ أﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ ذﻟﻚ؟ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻌﻚ ھﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷم ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 26 ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻹﺟﺎﺑـﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠـﺔ ﻔﺎرﻗـﺔ ﻓ ﻣـﻲ ا ﻌﺮوﻓــﺔ وﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳــﻢ " ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘــﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧــ ﺎت ." ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘــﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ورﻧﺎ د ﻫﺬه ﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎت ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺳـﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺒ ة اﻷرض) ( واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳُﺤﻈﺮ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل . ﺗﻔﱰض ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣ ﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت أوﻻً وﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﳾء أﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮتﴍوط وﺟﻮد اﻟﺤﻴﺎة وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ ﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﺤﻴﺎة . ﺎً ﺛﺎﻧﻴ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺬﻛﺎء ﻋﺎﻣﻼً ﻣ ﻔﻀـﻼً ﰲ ﺗﻄـﻮر اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻓﻤﻦ ا ﺤ ﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋـﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤﴡ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن واﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﻗﺪم وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ ﺎً ﻣﻦ ) ﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﺋﻨ واﻟﺘﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﰲ ﻣﻬﺪﻫﺎ (. ﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺻﺎﻧﻌﻮ اﻷﻓﻼم اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧـ ﺎت اﻷرﴈ ﺑﻌﻨﺎ ﻳـﺔ اﻟﺘـﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴــﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌــﺔ ﻓــﺈن اﻟﺤﻀــﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜــﺮ ﺗﻘــﺪﻣ ﺎً ﺳﺘﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ا ﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﻄﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟ ﻠﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺪاﺋﻴﺔ (. ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ ) ﺗﻌﻮد ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت إﱃ ﻋﻘﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ إﻋﺎدة ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬ ﺎ ﻋـﺪة ﻣـﺮات ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ . أﻋﻤﺎﻻً ن إ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ﻵﺧﺮ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ا ﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻦ و ﺟﻬﺎت ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺑـ اﻷﺣﺪث ﻧﻮد أن ﻧﺬﻛﺮ إﻳﺎن أ . ﻛﺮوﻓﻮرد ) أﺳـﺘﺎذ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴ ﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ وﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻟﻮس أﻧﺠﻠـﻮس ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ ﺑ ﺑﻴﻚ ( ودﻳﺮك ﺷﻮﻟﺰ ﻣﺎﻛﻮش أﺳﺘﺎذ ) ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺮﻟ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ وﻣﺮﻛ ﺰ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻷ ﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻷرض وﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﻳﺒﻨﻴﺰ ﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ا ﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ وﻣﺼﺎﻳﺪ اﻷﺳﻤﺎك اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴـﺔ وﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ وﻻﻳﺔ واﺷﻨﻄﻦ و ( ﻇﻬـﺮت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ ﻧﻴــﺘﴩ اﺳﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان " ﻫـﻞ اﻟﻐﻴـﺎب اﻟﻮاﺿـﺢ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﺻﻮﻻ إﱃ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﺎت أو ﻻﳾء؟ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4 أﯾﻦ ھﻢ ﺳﻜﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺣﯿﺐ ﺑﻨﺎ ؟