Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

S Zoo hypothesis – as intriguing gas it is unlikely byMicheleFerrara revisedbyDamianG.Allis NASASolarSystemAmbassador ome astrobiologists are opti- misticaboutthepossibilityofdisc overingextraterrestrial technosignatures within a few decades,thatis,thecollectionofir- refutableevidenceoftheexistence ofanothertechnologicalcivilization somewhereinourgalaxy.Therapid progress of the instrumentation available to researchers seems to be takingustowardsthatepochalgoal. Butisthisoptimismshareableacross both space and time? Only in part, because in order to make that dis- covery,themore-or-lessvoluntary, butbynomeanscertain,complicity of at least one other technological civilization(ETCforshort)wouldbe indispensable.Inthescientificcom- munity, the idea is quite widespread that, regardless of the desire of an ETCtonotrevealitsexistence,we couldstillfinditthroughtherecep- tion of radio waves or through de- tection of an excess of infrared radi- ation resulting from the dispersion ofheatproducedbyitstechnologi- cal activities. These means are, as oftenhappensintheETCfield,from avisionwithananthropocentricfla- vor: these are in fact the ways in whichanETCcould,inouropinion, discover today's Earthlings and those of the next decades or cen- turies. Admitting but not granting thatapossibleETCmayhaveexpe- riencedaninitialtechnologicalevo- lution completely comparable to ours, it could now find itself at a level of development enormously superior to ours, considering that theMilkyWaycouldhavebeenhab- itablealreadyforafewbillionyears earlier than the formation of our solar system. Presumably, an ETC hundredsofthousandsormillions MAY-JUNE2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 24 ﻓﺮﺿ ﺔﺣﺪ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ـ ﺎت ﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺟﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻠﻮن ﺑ ﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺑﺼﻤﺎت ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺧﺎرج ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻷرض ﰲ ﻏﻀﻮن ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻋﻘـﻮد، أي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺪاﻣﻐﺔ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ . ﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻟﺘﻘـﺪم اﻟـ ـ ﴪﻳﻊ ﻟﻸﺟﻬـﺰة ا ﺘﺎﺣـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬـﺪف اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺨﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺎؤل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸـﺎرﻛﺔ ﻋـﱪ ا ﻜﺎن واﻟﺰﻣﺎن؟ ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣـﻦ أﺟـﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺳ ﻴﻜﻮن ﻃﻮﻋﻲ إﱃ ﺣﺪٍ ﻣﺎ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺆﻛﺪا ﺑﺄي ﺣﺎل ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺣـﻮال ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗ ﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺔ أﺧـﺮى ﻋـﲆ اﻷﻗـﻞ ) اﺧﺘﺼﺎر اً إي ﺗﻲﳼ اً أﻣﺮ ( ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ . ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﻜﺮة ﻣﻨ ﴩة ﺘ ﰲ ا ﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ﺗﻘﻮل أﻧﻪ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ رﻏﺒﺔ ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻣﻮﺟـﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮ أو ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﺘﺖ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ . اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﺘﺖ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ إن . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﻫـ ﻲ ﻣ ـﻦ رؤﻳـﺔ ذات ﻧﻜﻬ ـﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﴩﻳﺔ ﻫﺬه ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟ ﺤﻀﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ رأﻳﻨـﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻜﺎنﺳ اﻷرض اﻟﻴﻮم وأﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻘﻮد أو اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻋﱰاف وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺄن ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺷﻬﺪت ﺗﻄﻮر اً ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺎً أوﻟﻴـ ﺎ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮرﻧﺎ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺗﺠـﺪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ اﻵن ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻳﻔﻮق ﻣﺴـﺘﻮ ا ﻧﺎ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻊ اﻷﺧـﺬ ﰲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر أن ﺮة ﻣﺠـ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺻـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﺒﻀﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻨ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻣﻦ ا ﻔﱰض أن ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣﺌـﺎت اﻵﻻف أو ﻣﻼﻳ اﻟﺴﻨ ﺳﺘﻌﺮف ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻏ . ﺟﻬﺰﺗﻨﺎ ﻷ ﻣﺮﺻﻮدة : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻣ ﺸﻴﻞ ﻓ ﺮا ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ داﻣ ﺎن ﺟﻲ أﻟ ﺲ ﺳﻔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﻲ ﺑﻮ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4