Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

the stringy blue and yellow filaments seen intheimage.TheVela Supernova Remnant is a gigantic structure, spanning almost 100 light-yearsandextend- ing to twenty times thediameterofthefull Moon in the night sky. Despite the dramatics of the star’s final mo- ments, it wasn’t en- tirely wiped from ex- istence.Aftershedding its outer layers, the core of the star col- lapsed into a neutron star — an ultra-dense ball consisting of pro- tonsandelectronsthat have been smashed together to form neu- trons.Theneutronstar, namedtheVelaPulsar, isnowanultra-con- densed object with the mass of astar like the Sun contained in a spherejustafewkilometersacross. Located in the lower left region of thisimage,theVelaPulsarisarela- tivelydimstarthatisindistinguish- ablefromitsthousandsofcelestial neighbors. Still reeling from its ex- plosivedeath,theVelaPulsarspins 22 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ اﻟﺨ ﻴﻮط اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء واﻟﺼـﻔﺮاء اﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗ ﻈﻬــﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺼــﻮرة . ﺑﻘﺎﻳــﺎ ا ﺴــﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻓﻴﻼ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 100 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻳﻤﺘـﺪ إﱃ ـﻋ ﴩﻳﻦ ﻣﺮة ﻗﻄـﺮ اﻟﻘﻤـﺮ اﻟﺒﺪر ﰲ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ . وﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺘــﻲ ﺷــﻬﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﺤﻈــﺎت اﻷﺧ ة ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳُﻤﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﺑ. ﻌـﺪ اﻟـﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻧﻬﺎر ﻗﻠ ﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﺤﻮل إﱃ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ وﻫـﻮ ﻋﺒـﺎرة ﻋـﻦ ﻛﺮة ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺗﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ وﺗﻮﻧـﺎت وإﻟﻜﱰوﻧـﺎت ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻄﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻌـ ﺎً ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﺎت . أﺻـﺒﺢ اﻟ ـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﻴ ـﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ ا ﺴــﻤﻰ اﻟــﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻨــﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﴩاع ، اﻵن ﺟﺴـﻤًﺎ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓــﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻌـﺾ اﻷﺟــﺮام اﻟﺴــﻤﺎو ﺔ اﻷﻛـــ إﺛـــﺎرة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤـــﺎم اﻟـــ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮرﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟ ﺼـــــــــــﻮرة اﻟــــــــــــﺠﺪ ﺪة ﻟ ـــــــــــﺎ ﻘﺎ اﻟ اﻷ ﻤﺴــــﺘﻌﺮ ﻋﻈـــــﻢ اﻟﺸـــــﺮاع ﺪﻗﺔ 1.3 ﺟﻴﺠﺎ ﻜﺴﻞ واﻟ ﺗــــــــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬــــــــــﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳــــــــــﻄﺔ ـــــــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــــــــﺔ ) ـــــــﺎم د ( اﻟﻤﺼـــــــﻨﻌ ﺔ ﻣـــــــﻦ ﻗﺒـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻞ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ ـــــــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ واﻟﻤﺜ ﺘـــــــﺔ ﻋﻠـــــــﻰ ـــﻮ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ﻓ ﻜﺘـــﻮرإم ﻼﻧ ﻳ ﻠـــــﻎ اﻟـــــﺬ ﻗﻄـــــﺮﻩ 4 أﻣﺘـــــﺎر ﻓـــــﻲﻣﺮﺻـــــﺪ ﺳـــــ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟــــــﻮ اﻟــﺪوﻟﻲﻓــﻲ ﺗﺸــ ﻠﻲ وﻫـــﻮ ﺑﺮــﺎﻣﺞ ﺗــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺨﺘــ ﻧــﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴــــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠــــــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ . اﻵن ﺟﺴﻤًﺎ ﺷ ﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻛـﺮة ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﻋﺮﺿـﻬ ﺎ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰات ﻓﻘﻂ . ﻳﻮﺟــﺪ ﻧﺠـﻢ اﻟﺸـ ـ ﺮاع اﻟﻨـﺎﺑﺾﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ًاﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﴪى ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة، وﻫﻮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰه ﻋﻦ اﻵﻻف ﻣـﻦ ﺟ اﻧﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﻳ . ﺟ اﻧﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﻳ . ﻻ ﻳـﺰال اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻨـﺎﺑﺾ ﻓﻴﻼ ﻳﱰﻧﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ا ﺘﻔﺠﺮ ـ وﻳﺪور ﺑ ﴪﻋﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮره وﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﺠﺎﻻً ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴًﺎ ﻗﻮﻳًﺎ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4