Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

20 The largest DECamimage ever released byNOIRLab − JosieFenske his colorful web of wispy gas filaments is the Vela Super- novaRemnant,anexpanding nebula of cosmic debris leftover from a massive star that exploded about 11,000 years ago. Located around 800 light-years away in the constellation Vela (the Sails), this nebula is one of the nearest super- novaremnantstoEarth.Thoughthe unnamed star ended its life thou- sands of years ago, the shockwave itsdeathproducedisstillpropagat- ing into the interstellar medium, carrying glowing tendrils of gas with it. This image is one of the biggestevermadeofthisobjectand was taken with the state-of-the- art wide-field Dark Energy Camera (DECam), built by the Department of Energy and mounted on the US National Science Foundation’s Víc- torM.Blanco4-meterTelescopeat CerroTololoInter-AmericanObser- vatory in Chile, a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab.Thestrikingreds,yellows, and blues in this image were achieved through the use of three DECam filters that each collect a specificcoloroflight.Separateim- ages were taken in each filter and thenstackedontopofeachotherto produce this high-resolution color image that showcases the intricate web-likefilamentssnakingthrough- outtheexpandingcloudofgas.This isalsothelargestDECamimageever releasedpublicly,containinganas- tounding 1.3 gigapixels. The Vela Supernova Remnant is merely the ghost of a massive star that once was. When the star ex- ploded 11,000 years ago, its outer layerswereviolentlystrippedaway and flung into the surrounding re- gion, driving the shockwave that is stillvisibletoday.Astheshockwave expands into the surrounding re- gion, the hot, energized gas flies awayfromthepointofdetonation, compressing and interacting with theinterstellarmediumtoproduce إ ﺻﺪار أﻛ ﺻﻮرة ﻟ " ﺎﻣ ا ﺎم د " : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزي ﻓﻨﺴﻜﻲ - ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب إن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ا ﻠﻮﻧـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻴـﻮط اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﴩاع ـ اﻟـ وﻫﻮ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻄـﺎم اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ ا ﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺿـﺨﻢ اﻧﻔﺠـﺮ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 11000 .ﺳﻨﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 800 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ اﻟـ ﴩاع ـ وﻫـﻮ أﺣـﺪ أﻗـﺮب ﺑﻘﺎﻳـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺮ أﻋﻈـﻢ إﱃ اﻷرض . وﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻏـ ا ﺴﻤ ﻰ ﻗﺪ أﻧﻬﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻨـﺬ آﻻف اﻟﺴـﻨ إﻻ أن ﻣﻮ ﺟﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺣﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال ﺗﻨﺘﴩ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻬـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ا ﺤﻼق ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ . ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﱪ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـﺎ ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ واﺳـﻌﺔ ا ﺠﺎل ) دي ﻛﺎم ( اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮر ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ 4 أﻣﺘـﺎر ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ و ﺗﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﻟﻠﺒﻠـﺪان اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮ ﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ـ ﺴﺔ اﻟ ـﺆﺳ ﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ . ﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻣ ﻴﺔ اﻷ ـ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء واﻟﺼﻔﺮاء واﻟﺰرﻗﺎء ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼل اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ ﻟﻜﺎﻣ ا ) دي ﻛﺎم ( اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء . ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﺻﻮر ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻠﱰ ﺛﻢ ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻮق ﺑﻌﻀ ﻬﺎ اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ﻹﻧﺘـﺎج ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ا ﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻌـﺮض اﻟﺨﻴﻮط ا ﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﺐ ا ﻠﺘﻔﺔ ﻋـﱪ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ . ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة أﻳﻀًﺎ أﻛﱪ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻜـﺎﻣ ا (ﻛﺎم دي) ﻛـﺎن ﺗـﻢ إﺻـﺪارﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣـﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق وﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ دﻗﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﻠـﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ 1.3 . ﺟﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ إن ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا اﻻ ﺴﺘﻌﺮ ﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﴩاع ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺷﺒﺢ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ا ﰲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ . ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﻔﺠﺮ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺒـﻞ 11 أﻟـﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﺮﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗـﻪ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﺑ ﻌﻨـﻒ وإﻟﻘﺎﺋﻬـﺎ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال ﻣﺮﺋﻴـﺔ و ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳـﻊ ﻣﻮﺟـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ، ﻨﻄﻠـﻖ ﻳ اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر، وﻳﻨﻀـﻐﻂ وﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋ ـﻞ ﻣ ـﻊ اﻟﻮﺳـﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤ ـﻲ ﻹﻧﺘ ـﺎج اﻟﺨ ﻴﻮط اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء واﻟﺼـﻔﺮاء اﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة . 20