Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2024 ARABIC VERSION

minous object in the known Uni- verse,” says Christian Wolf, an as- tronomerattheAustralianNational University(ANU)andleadauthorof the study published in Nature As- tronomy .Thequasar,calledJ0529- 4351,issofarawayfromEarththat its light took over 12 billion years to reach us. The matter being pulled in toward thisblackhole,intheformofadisc, emits so much energy that J0529- 4351 is over 500 trillion times more luminous than the Sun. “All thislightcomesfromahotaccretion disc that measures seven light-years in diameter — this must be the largest accretion disc in the Uni- verse,” says ANU PhD student and co-author Samuel Lai. Seven light- yearsisabout15,000timesthedis- tancefromtheSuntotheorbit of Neptune. And, remarkably, this record-breaking quasar was hiding inplainsight. “Itisasurprisethatit hasremainedunknownuntiltoday, whenwealreadyknowaboutamil- lion less impressive quasars. It has literallybeenstaringusintheface untilnow,” saysco-authorChristo- MAY-JUNE2024 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 13 ﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠـﻲ ﻟ ـﻮازار ﻠ J059-4351 ﺣﻄـﻢ اﻟـﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻘ ﺎﺳـﻲ، وﻫـﻮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛـﺰاﻟﻼﻣـﻊ اﻟـﺬ ـــﺪة ﺴــﺘﻤﺪ ﻃﺎﻗﺘـــﮫ ﻣـــﻦ ﺛﻘــﺐ أﺳـــﻮد ﻫﺎﺋـــﻞ ﻟﻤﺠــﺮة ﻌ . ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــ ﺟــﺪاً اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲ ـﻮازارﻫـﻮ أﻛـ وُﺟـﺪ أن ﻫـﺬا اﻟ اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﺴـﻤﺎو ﺔ ﺳـﻄﻮﻋ ﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻮ اﻵن ن ﺣ . اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ اﻟـﺬ ﻈﻬـﺮﻫﻨـﺎ وﻫـﻮ ﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻤـﺎدة اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄـﺔ ﺗ ﻠـﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘـﮫ 17 ــﺎرﻣــﺮة ﻛﺘﻠــﺔ اﻟﺸــﻤﺲوﺗﻨﻤــﻮ ﻛﺘ ﻣﻠ ًــﺎ ﻠﺘــﮫ ﻤــﺎ ﻌــﺎدلﺷﻤﺴًــﺎ أﺧــﺮى ﻳﻮﻣ ﻣﻤــﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠــﮫ اﻟﺜﻘــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد اﻷﺳﺮع ﻧﻤﻮً ا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق ]. ESO/M.Kornmesser [. ﻳﻘـﻮل ﻛﺮﻳﺴـﺘﻴﺎ ن ووﻟـﻒ ﻋــﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ اﻷﺳــﱰاﻟﻴﺔ وا ﺆﻟــﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴﺘـﴩ اﺳﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ :” ﻫﺬا ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﺎً ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﻌﺮوف “ . اﻟﻜﻮازار ا ﺴﻤﻰ J0529-4351 ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ ﻋـﻦ اﻷرض ﻟ ﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﺿﻮءه ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 12 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻨﺎ . ا ﺎدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳـﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺮص ﺗﺒﻌﺚ اﻟﻜﺜـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻜـﻮازار J0529-4351 أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑـﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 500 ـــ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺮة . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺻـﺎﻣﻮﻳﻞ ﻻي، ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﺳـﱰاﻟﻴﺔ وا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك " : ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﻮء ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص ﻣﱰاﻛﻢ ﺳـﺎﺧﻦ ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﻗﻄـﺮه ﺳـﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫـﺬا أﻛـﱪ ﻗﺮص ﻣﱰاﻛﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ." إن ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳـﻨﻮات ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺴـﺎوي ﺣـﻮاﱄ 15000 ﻣﺮة ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ إﱃ ﻣـﺪار ﻧﺒﺘﻮن وﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﻓﺖ أن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻜـﻮازار اﻟـﺬي ﺣﻄﻢ ا ﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻇﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻً ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻟﻴﻮم ﰲ ﺣـ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻧﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﺣـﻮاﱄ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻛﻮازار أﻗﻞ إﺛﺎرة ﻟﻺﻋﺠﺎب . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 4