Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2023 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE 2023 with a conformation in some ways similar to those of some known im- pact craters. Those structures were distributed along a line about six km long between Faugères and Cabrerolles. After going to those lo- calities and having closely inspected those depressions in the ground, the attention of Gèze and Cailleux fo- cused on one in particular, which the locals called “Le Clot” (“the Clot”) and which the two geologists de- scribed as follows: “The depression at Cabrerolles is situated approxi- mately one km to the south-south- east of the village and presents itself as a hole in the schists. It interrupts small ravines from the quaternary age, and its depth is approximately 50 metres, and it penetrates into the eroded soil, which probably is Pliocene. It is quite circular, with a diameter of 200 to 300 metres at the upper rim, while the diameter of the flat bottom is roughly 100 to 110 metres. The inner slopes are very steep and partly covered with broken stones (coarse gravel).” This narration is part of an article published by Gèze and Cailleux in Comptes rendus de l’académie des ciences on April 24, 1950. The article also briefly describes five other pos- sible, less evident craters and, in the concluding part, we read that: “Sev- eral reasons support the supposition of the meteoric origin of these craters: 1−For the two first quoted craters [Le Clot and an anonymous one at Faugères] a karstic origin is impossible, as they are hollowed out in pure silico-aluminous rocks and at distances of 600 to 1,000 metres ﺑـ ﺑﻠـﺪ ﺗﻲ ﻓـﻮﺟ ﻳﺲ و ﻛـﺎﺑﺮﻳﺮﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ واﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋـ ﻦ ﻛﺜـﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺎت ﰲ اﻷرض إ ﺮﻛـﺰ ﺗ ﻧﺘﺒـﺎه اﻟﻌﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺟﻴﺰ وﻛﺎﻳﻠﻮ واﺣﺪة ﻋﲆ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ واﻟﺘﻲ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﺴـﻜﺎن ا ﺤﻠﻴـﻮن " ﻟـﻮ " ﻛﻠﻮت واﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎن ﻋﲆ أﻧﻬﺎ : ﻣﺎ ﻳﲇ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺒـﻮط ارﴈ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻳـﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﺮﻳﺮﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًـﺎ إﱃ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب واﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﴩﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ و ﻈﻬﺮ ﺗ ﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻬ ﺎ ﻋﲆ أﻧﻬ ﺛﻘﺐ ﰲ اﻟﺼـﺨﻮر ا ﺘﺒﻠـﻮ .رة ﺗ ﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻮدﻳﺎن اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺼ ـ ﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻤﻘﻬ ﺎ ﺣﻮاﱄ ٥٠ ﺗ ﻣﱰًا و ﺨـﱰق اﻟﱰﺑـﺔ ا ﺘﺂﻛﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓـﱰة اﻟﺒﻠﻴﻮﺳ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ . اﻧﻬـﺎ داﺋﺮﻳـﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـﺎً ــــ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ٢٠٠ إﱃ ٣٠٠ ﻣﱰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻘـﺎع ا ﺴـﻄﺢ ﻣـ ﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ١٠٠ إﱃ ١١٠ ﻣﱰ ، ﺟﺪراﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻻﻧﺤﺪار وﻣﻐﻄـﺎة ﺟﺰﺋﻴًـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠـﺎرة ا ﻜﺴﻮرة ) اﻟﺤﴡ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ( ، ﻫﺬا اﻟﴪد ﺟـﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎل ﻧ ـ ﴩه اﻟﻌﺎ ﺎن ﺟﻴﺰ وﻛﺎﻳﻠﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ وﻗﺎﺋﻊ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ٢٤ أﺑﺮﻳﻞ ١٩٥٠ . ﻳﺼﻒ ا ﻘﺎل أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎز ﺧﻤﺲ ﻓﻮﻫــﺎت أﺧــﺮى ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠــﺔ وأﻗــﻞ وﺿــﻮﺣﺎً ـــــ ـ ــ وﰲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺮأﻧﺎ أﻳﻀﺎً : " ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋـﺪة أﺳﺒﺎب ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻓﱰاض اﻷﺻـﻞ اﻟ ﻨﻴﺰﻛـﻲ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ :١ − ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻔﻮﻫﺘ اﻷوﱃ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ( ﻛﻠﻮت ( وآﺧﺮى ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻓـﻮﺟ ﻳﺲ ﻓﺈن اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﺎرﺳﺘﻲ أﻣﺮ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻞ ، ﺣﻴـﺚ اﻧﻐﺮﺳـﺖ ﰲ ﺻــﺨﻮر أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴــﻮم اﻟﺴـﻴﻠ ﻴﻜﻮن اﻟ ﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ٦٠٠ اﱃ ١٠٠٠ ا ﻣـﱰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺠ ﻳﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﺘواﻟ ﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ أﻓﻘﻴﺎً وﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺎً ﰲ ذات اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2023 ﻣﻨﻈﺮﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻮﻫـﺔ ﻟﻮ" " ﻠـﻮت ﻣـﻊ وﺟـﻮد ﺻـﻔﻮفﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜـﺮوم ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﻜـﻦ ﻤ. ـ ﻓﻬــــﻢ اﻟــــ ــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺴــــﺘﺪﻳﺮة ﺴــــﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻫــــﻲﻣﻐﻄــــﺎة ﺎﻟ ﺎﻣــــﻞ ﺎﻟﻨ ﺎﺗــــﺎت اﻟ ﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟ . ﻤﺔﻀــــ ﻇــــﻞ اﻷ ﺻﻞ اﻟﻨ ﻛ ﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ اً ﻣﺜ ﻟﻠﺠـﺪل ﻷﻛـ ﻣـﻦ ٧٠ . ﻋﺎﻣًـﺎ ـﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻴـﻮم ﺗﺸـ اﻟـﺪﻻﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺣــﺪث ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻣـﺎ ﻘـﺮ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺸـ ﻠﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﺔ اﺻـﻄﺪام ﻧـ ك ﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻗﻄـﺮﻩ ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲﻋﺸـﺮة أﻣﺘـﺎر واﻟـﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮة آ . ﻻفﻋﺎم . [Caroline Leroy]