Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2023 ARABIC VERSION

Webb’s Near- Infrared Camera (NIRCam) balancesthe brightness of WR 124’s stellar core and the knotty details in the fainter surrounding gas. The tele- scope’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) reveals the clumpy structure of the gas and dust nebula of the ejected material now surrounding the star. Before Webb, dust-loving astronomers simply did not have enough detailed information to ex- plore questions of dust production in environments like WR 124, and whether the dust grains were large and bountiful enough to survive the supernova and become a significant contribution to the overall dust budget. Now those questions can be investigated with real data. Stars like WR 124 also serve as an analog to help astronomers under- stand a crucial period in the early history of the universe. Similar dying stars first seeded the young universe with heavy elements forged in their cores – elements that are now com- mon in the current era, including on Earth. Webb’s detailed image of WR 124 preserves forever a brief, turbu- lent time of transformation, and promises future discoveries that will reveal the long-shrouded mysteries of cosmic dust.    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٤٧ ﺗﻘﻮم ﻛـﺎﻣ ا ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ (NIRCam) ﻋﲆ ﻣﻮازﻧﺔ ﺳﻄﻮع اﻟﻨﻮاة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟــ WR 124 واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ا ﻌﻘـﺪة ﰲ اﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺤـﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ . ﺗﻜﺸﻒ أداة اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ (MIRI) اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ا ﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ا ﻘﺬو ﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻵن . ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺪى ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ا ﻬﺘﻤ ﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف أﺳﺌﻠﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌـﺎت ﻣﺜـﻞ WR 124 وﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻛﺒـ ة ووﻓـ ة ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﰲ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈــﻢ وأن ﺗﺼــﺒﺢ ﻣﺴــﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻛﺒــ ة ﰲ ا ﻴﺰاﻧﻴــﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺒــﺎر ، اﻵن ﻳﻤﻜــﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ . ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺜـﻞ WR 124 أﻳﻀـ ﺎً ﻛﻨﻈـ ﻠﻟ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻓﱰة ﻫﺎﻣـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﻜـﻮن . ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﺤـ ﺘﴬة ـ ا ﻤﺎﺛﻠـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳ ـﺔ ﺑ ـﺰرع اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻟﺸـﺎب ﺑﻌﻨﺎﴏ ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻧ ﻮاﺗﻬﺎ وﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﴏﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻵن ﰲ اﻟﻌﴫ اﻟﺤﺎﱄ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋـﲆ اﻷرض . ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟــ WR 124 إﱃ اﻷﺑﺪ ﻋﲆ وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼ ﻣﻀﻄﺮب ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮل وﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋـﻦ أﴎار اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﺎ ﺎ ﻏﻠﻔﻬﺎ . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2023 اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻀـﻲء واﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻦ ـﺖ ووﻟـﻒرا 124 (WR 124) ـﺔ ﺎرزﻓﻲوﺳﻂ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﺗ ﻤـﻊ ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب ﺟ ﻤﺲ و ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟـ أﻃــــﻮال ﻣﻮﺟــــﺎت اﻷﺷــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــــﺖ اﻟــــ ﺑــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ــــــــﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳــــــــﻄﺔ ﻣــــــــﻦ اﻷﺷــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــــــــﺖ اﻟﻘﺮ ـ اﻟـــــــ . ﻤﺮاء ﻌـــــــﺮضاﻟـــــــﻨ ﻢ ارﻔﺎﻋـــــــﺎت اﻟـــــــ ـ ﺤﻴﻮد ــــﺔ ﻣــــﻦ اﻷﺷــــﻌﺔ ــــﺐ اﻟﻘﺮ ــــﺎﻣ ا و اﻟﻤﻤــــ ة ﻟ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء NIRCam اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ـﺐ ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﻛ ﻟﻠﺘﻠ اﻟﻤــــــﺎد .ﮫ ﺴــــــ ﻮب ﻧﻔﺴــــــ ﺗــــــ ﻮازن ــــــﺎﻣ ا NIRCam ﺳـــﻄﻮع اﻟــــﻨ ﻢ ﺸـــ ﻞ ﻓﻌـــﺎل ﺑـــ واﻟﻐـــﺎزا ــــﮫ ، ﺑ ﻨﻤــــﺎ ــــﺎراﻟﻤﺤـــ ﻂ ﺎﻓــــﺖ واﻟﻐ ﺗ ﻜﺸـــــــــــﻒ ـــــــــــﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷــــــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــــــــــﺖ اﻟــــــــــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ MIRI ﻋﻦ ﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺴﺪ ﻢ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI,Webb ERO Production Team [