Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2023 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE 2023 A New details in Pandora’s Cluster by NASA/ESA/CSA Leah Ramsay Christine Pulliam stronomers have revealed the latest deep field image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, featuring never- before-seen details in a region of space known as Pandora’s Cluster (Abell 2744). Webb’s view displays three clusters of galaxies – already massive – coming together to form a megacluster. The combined mass of the galaxy clusters creates a pow- erful gravitational lens, a natural magnification effect of gravity, al- lowing much more distant galaxies in the early universe to be observed by using the cluster like a magnify- ing glass. Only Pandora’s central core has previously been studied in detail by NASA’s Hubble Space Tele- ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞﺟ ـﺪة ﻓـﻲﻋﻨﻘـﻮد ﺪ ﺎﻧﺪورا اﻟﻤﺠﺮي : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲ داوﻧﺮ و ﺎﻻ ت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻧﺎﺳﺎ و اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ واﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ــــــ ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻋـﻦ أﺣـﺪث ﺻـﻮرة ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﺗُﻌـﺮف أﺑﻴﻞ ) ﺑﺎﺳﻢ 2744 ( ﻋﻨﻘـﻮد ﺑﺎﻧـﺪورا ﻳﻌـﺮض ﻣﺸﻬﺪ وﻳﺐ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات - ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﻘﻮد اً ﺎ ﺿﺨﻤ ﺗﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ا ﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ا ﺠﺮات ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻫـﻮ ﺗـﺄﺛ ﺗﻀـﺨﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﺑﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﻘـﻮد ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ا ﻜﱪة . ﺗـﻢ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘًﺎ دراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻨـﻮاة ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳــﺔ ﻟﺒﺎﻧــﺪورا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼــﻴﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ . ﻘــــﺪرﻋﻠﻤــــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــــﻚ أن ﻫﻨــــﺎك ٥٠.٠٠٠ ﻣﺼــــﺪر ﻣـــــﻦ ﺿـــــﻮء اﻷﺷـــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــــﺖ اﻟـــــ ـ ـــــﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﻣﻤﺜﻠـــــﺔ ﻓـــــﻲﻫـــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــــﻮرة اﻟـــــ اﻟﺘﻘﻄـــــﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻲ ﺟـ ﻤﺲو اﻟﺘــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳــــــــﺎ . ﻟﻘــــــــﺪ ﺳــــــــﺎﻓﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺿــــــــﻮؤ ﻋــــــــ ﻣﺴـــــــــــــــــﺎﻓﺎتﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗــــــــــــــــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻـــــــــــــــــﻮل إﻟــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸــﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻣﻤــﺎ ﻤﺜــﻞ اﺗﺴــﺎع اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻓﻲﺻﻮرة واﺣﺪة . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2023 ـــﻛ ﺸﻒ