Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2023 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE 2023 his article, Beals was engaged in the creation of the first catalog of terrestrial impact craters and also traveled to Europe to visit some crater candidates, including those in Hérault. These were his conclusions: “In reviewing the evidence pre- sented above, most weight on the five craters near Cabrerolles and Faugères is naturally attached to that from Le Clot, in view of its large size, the clear delineation of its pro- file and the numerous rock outcrops occurring within its circumference. Since conditions at Le Clot were on the whole excellent for the detec- tion of the unusual and diagnostic attitudes of sediments commonly as- sociated with a meteorite crater, the fact that such attitudes were not ob- served seems a rather strong evi- dence against a meteoritic origin for this feature. Less strong but by no means negligible evidence is the ab- sence of a raised rim surrounding the crater. While the irregularity of the surrounding terrain might have partially obscured such a feature, it is very unlikely that it would have been completely concealed. It would appear, therefore, that only if some new and completely unequivocal piece of positive evidence were dis- covered, would we be justified in continuing to regard Le Clot as a meteorite crater. Similar considera- tions apply to the other four craters examined. In no case was any posi- tive evidence adduced to connect these features with meteorite im- pact. It is questionable, therefore, whether it is justifiable to retain even as a working hypothesis, the idea that the group of craters in the ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ١٠ إﻧﺸﺎء أول ﻓﻬﺮس ﻟﻔﻮﻫﺎت اﻻﺻﻄﺪام وﺳﺎﻓﺮ أﻳﻀًــﺎ إﱃ أوروﺑ ـﺎ ﻟﺰﻳ ـﺎرة ﺑﻌ ـﺾ اﻟﻔﻮﻫ ـﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﻫ وﻟـﺖ و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ " : ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻷدﻟﺔ ا ﻘﺪﻣﺔ أﻋﻼه ، ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺜﻘﻞ اﻷﻛﱪ ﻋﲆ ﺧﻤـﺲ ﻓﻮﻫﺎت ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻠـﺪ ﺗﻲ ﻛـﺎﺑﺮﻳﺮﻟﻴﺲ و ﻓـﻮﺟ ﻳﺲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄــﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴ ﻌـﻲ ﺑﺘﻠـﻚ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﻟﻮ ) ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ( ﻛﻠﻮت ﻧﻈـﺮًا ﻟﺤﺠﻤﻬـﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ واﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻈﻬﺮﻫﺎ واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘــﻮءات اﻟﺼــﺨﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺣــﺪﺛﺖ داﺧــﻞ . ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻷن اﻟﻈﺮوف ﰲ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﻟﻮ ) ( ﻛﻠﻮت ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﻤﺘﺎزة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻏـ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳـﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼـﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮواﺳـﺐ ا ﺮﺗﺒﻄـﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻔﻮﻫ ﺔ ﻧﻴﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﺈن ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﻳ ﺒﺪو دﻟﻴﻼً ﻗﻮﻳًـﺎ ﺿـﺪ اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺰﻛﻲ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ . أﻗﻞ ﻗﻮة وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ . ﰲ ﺣ أن ﻋﺪم اﻧﺘﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻀـﺎرﻳﺲ ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ رﺑﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺣﺠﺐ ﻫﺬه ا ﻴﺰة ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻏ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﺘﻢ إﺧﻔﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ . ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ إذا ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﺰء ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻻ ﻟﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷدﻟـﺔ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴـﺔ ﻓﺴـﻨﻜﻮن ﻣﱪرﻳﻦ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﰲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ) ﻟﻮﻛﻠـﻮت ﻫـﻲ ( ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﻧﻴﺰﻛﻴﺔ . ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺎت اﻷرﺑﻊ ـــ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻓﺤﺼـﻬﺎ ودراﺳـﺘﻬﺎ وﻟﻜـﻦ ﻟـﻢ ﻳـﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ أي دﻟﻴ ﻞ إﻳﺠـﺎﺑﻲ واﺿـﺢ ﻟـﺮﺑﻂ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻴـﺰات ﺑﻔﺮﺿـﻴﺔ اﻻﺻـﻄﺪام اﻟﻨﻴﺰﻛـﻲ ـــــ ـ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﻤﻦ ا ﺸﻜﻮك ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﱪر اﻻﺣﺘﻔـﺎظ ﺑﻔﺮﺿـﻴﺔ ﻋﻤـﻞ وﻫـﻲ أن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﰲ ﻓـﻮﺟ ﻳﺲ ـــ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2023 ُﻈﻬــــــﺮاﻟﺘﻮﺳــــــﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟــــــﻮد اﻟﻜـــــﺮات إﺣـــــﺪ ﻋﻠـــــﻰ ﻤـــــ اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــــــــﻮدة ﻓـــــــــﻲﻣﻨﻄﻘـــــــــﺔ ﻓﻮﻫــــــــــــــﺔ " ﻟﻮ ﻠــــــــــــــﻮت " آﺛــــــــــــــﺎرًا ﻟﺴــــــــــ ﺎﺋﻚ اﻟــــــــــ ـ ــــــــــﻞ ﺤﺪ ﺪ واﻟﻨﻴ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎزك اﻟﻨﻤـــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻮذﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻨ ــــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧ . وﺟــــــــــــــﺪ ﻓﺮ ــــــــــــــﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻨﻜـﺮأ ﻀًــﺎ اﻟﻜــﺮات ــﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ) اﺛﻨﺘــــــــــﺎن أو أﻛــــــــــ ﻣﻨﺪﻣﺠــــــــــﺔ ( ﻣﻌًـــــــﺎ ، وﻫـــــــﻮ ﻣﺆﺷـــــــﺮآﺧـــــــﺮ ﻋﻠـــــــــــــــﻰ اﺣﺘﻤــــــــــــــــﺎل ﺣــــــــــــــــﺪوث ﺗﺼﺎدم ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ . ﻌــﺾﻣــﻦ أﻛــ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺎﺋــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﻛﺮ ــﺎت أﻛﺴــ ﺪ اﻟــ ـ ﻋــ ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ ﻓﺮ ــﻖ ﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟــ ﺑﺮ ﻨﻜــﺮ داﺧــﻞ ﻓﻮﻫــ ﺔ ﻟ) . ( ﻮ ﻠﻮت ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﺎت اﻟ إﺣﺪ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺮ ﺎت ﻫﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻨ ﻛﻲ ﺎﻟﻐﻼف اﻟـ ـ ﺠﻮي واﻟ ﺎ ﺴﺔ .