Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

I          Webb reveals mageoflightechoesnear CassiopeiaAcapturedby Webb’s NIRCam instrument, with compass arrows, scale bar, and color key for refer- ence. The north and east compass arrows show the orientation of the image on the sky. Note that the rela- tionship between north and eastonthesky(asseenfrom below) is flipped relative to directionarrowsonamapof the ground (as seen from above). The scale bar is la- beledinlight-years,whichis thedistancethatlighttravels in one Earth-year. (It takes oneyearforlighttotravela distance equal to the length ofthebar.)Onelight-yearis equal to about 5.88 trillion milesor9.46trillionkilome- ters.Thisimageshowsinvisi- ble near-infrared wave- lengths of light that have been translated into visible- light colors. The color key shows which NIRCam filters were used when collecting the light. The color of each filternameisthevisiblelight color used to represent the infrared light that passes through that filter. [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jacob Jenc- son (Caltech/IPAC)] Intricate Cassiopeia A light echoes nceuponatime,thecoreof amassivestarcollapsed,cre- atingashockwavethat blasted outward, ripping the star apart as it went. When the shock- wavereachedthestar’ssurface,it punched through, generating a brief,intensepulseofX-raysandul- travioletlightthattraveledoutward " و ﺐ" ﻜﺸﻒﻋﻦ أﺻﺪاءﺿﻮء ذات اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ أ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم ﻛﺮﺴﺘ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ و/ ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ذات ﻣﺮة اﻧﻬﺎر ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺻـﺪﻣﺔ اﻧﻄﻠﻘـﺖ إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺗﻤﺰﻳﻖ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺼـﺪﻣﺔ إﱃ ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﺧﱰﻗ ﺘﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺒﻀـﺔ ﻗﺼـ ة ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻀـﻮء ﻓـﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴــﺠﻲ اﻟــﺬي اﺟﺘــﺎز إﱃ اﻟﺨــﺎرج ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀ ﺎء ا ﺤـﻴﻂ وﺑﻌـﺪ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 350 ﻋﺎﻣـﺎً وﺻﻠﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺒﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء إﱃ ا ﻮاد ﺑ وﺻﻠﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺒﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء إﱃ ا ﺎدة اﻟ ﺒ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ وأﺿﺎءﺗﻬﺎ ودﻓ ﺄ ﺗﻬﺎ وﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﰲ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء . ﻟﻘـﺪ رﺻـﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ أن ﺗﻮﻫﺞ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻘـ ﺔ ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ ﻋﻘـﺪ ودواﻣـﺎت اﻟـﻮاح اﻟﺨﺸـﺐ وﺗﺴـﻤﺢ ﻫـﺬه اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﻐـﺎز ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ) ا ﻌـﺮوف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ ا ـﺎدة ﺒـ اﻟ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ( . ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻗــﺎل ﺟــﺎﻛﻮب ﺟﻴﻨﻜﺴــﻮن ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻌﻬــﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴـﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ / ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ أﺑﺤـﺎث ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴـﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ / ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ أﺑﺤـﺎث اﻟﻔﻀﺎء وا ﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﺎدئ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺳﺎدﻳﻨﺎ، وﻫـﻮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم " : ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺌﻨﺎ ﺑ ﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻫﺬ ه اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ." وأﺿـﺎف ﺟــﻮش ﺑﻴـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮر، وﻫﻮ ﻋﻀـﻮ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟ : " ﻌﻠــﻮم ﻧـﺮى ﻃﺒﻘــﺎت ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ اﻟﺒﺼﻠﺔ " ." ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ وﻣﻐﱪة ﻧﺮاﻫـﺎ، وﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﻧ ﺮاﻫﺎ، ﺗﺒﺪو ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟـﻢ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻗ ﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ." ﻟ ﻘﺪ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺻﺤﻔﻲ ﰲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ واﻷرﺑﻌ ﺑﻌـﺪ ا ﺎﺋـﺔ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5 ﺗﺸ ـﺎﻟﻘﺮ ﺻﻮرة ﻷﺻﺪاء اﻟﻀـﻮء ﻣــــــــــــﻦ ــــــــــــﺔ ذات اﻟﻜﺮﺳــــــــــــﻲ ﻮﻛ ﺗــــــــــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـــــﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــﻄﺔ ـــــﺎم ـــــﺎﻣ ا ﻧ اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌــﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ــﺐ ﻣــﻊ أﺳــﻬﻢ و اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﺷﺮﻂ اﻟﻤﻘ ﺎس وﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻷﻟﻮان ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻴﻬﺎ . ﺗُﻈﻬـﺮأﺳـﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ واﻟﺸﺮﻗ ﺔ اﺗﺠـﺎﻩ اﻟﺼــــــــﻮرة ﻓــــــــﻲ اﻟﺴــــــــﻤﺎء . ﻻﺣــــــــﻆ أن اﻟ اﻟﺸــﻤﺎل واﻟﺸــﺮق ﻓــﻲ ﻌﻼﻗــﺔ ﺑـ اﻟﺴــــﻤﺎء ) ﻤـــــﺎ ﻧﺮاﻫـــــﺎ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻷﺳـــــﻔﻞ ( ــــــﺔ ﺎﻟﻨﺴــــــ ﺔ ﻷﺳــــــﻬﻢ اﻻﺗﺠــــــﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﻠﻮ ﻋﻠــﻰﺧﺮﻄــﺔ اﻷرض ) ﻤــﺎ ﻧﺮاﻫــﺎ ﻣــﻦ اﻷﻋﻠـﻰ .( ﺷـﺮﻂ ا ـﺎسﻣُﺴــﻤﻰ ﻟﻤﻘ ﺎﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻀﻮﺋ ﺔ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻘﻄﻌﻬــــــﺎ اﻟﻀـــــــﻮء ﻓــــــﻲﺳـــــــﻨﺔ اﻟــــــ أرﺿــــــ ﺔ واﺣــــــﺪة ) . ﺴــــــﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﻀـــــــﻮء ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣـــــــــــــ اً واﺣـــــــــــــﺪ ﻟ ﻘﻄـــــــــــــﻊ ﻣﺴـــــــــــــﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺴــــﺎوي ﻃــــﻮل اﻟﺸــــﺮﻂ .( ﺗﺴــــﺎوي اﻟﺴـــــــــــــﻨﺔ اﻟﻀــــــــــــــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﺣــــــــــــــﻮاﻟﻲ 5.88 ﺗﺮ ﻠﻴـــــــــــــــﻮن ﻣﻴـــــــــــــــﻞ أو 9.46 ﺗﺮ ﻠﻴـــــــــــــــﻮن ﻛ ﻠــــــــــﻮﻣ . ﺗُﻈﻬــــــــــﺮﻫــــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــــــﻮرة ـــــــــــﺔ ﻣــــــــــــﻦ أﻃـــــــــــﻮال اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــــــــــﺎت اﻟﻘﺮ اﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟــــ ـ ــــﺔ ﻤﺮاء ﻏـــ اﻟﻤﺮ ﺗــــــــﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻤﺘﻬـــــــﺎ إﻟــــــــﻰ ﻟﻠﻀـــــــﻮء واﻟـــــــ أﻟـﻮان اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﺮ ـﻲ . ُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻣﻔﺘـﺎح ﺷـــﺮﻂ اﻷﻟـــﻮان ﻓﻼﺗــــﺮ ــــﺎم ـــﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﺗــــــــﻢ اﻟــــــــ اﺳــــــــﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨــــــــﺪ ﻤــــــــﻊ اﻟﻀﻮء . ﻟﻮن ﻞ ﻓﻠ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮن اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﺮــــﻲ اﻟﻤﺴــــﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴــــﻞ اﻟﻀــــﻮء ﻤــــــﺮﻋــــــ ﻫــــــﺬا ﺗﺤـــــﺖ اﻷ ﻤــــــﺮ اﻟــــــﺬ اﻟﻔ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Jacob Jenc- son (Caltech/IPAC)] 1 LIGHT-YEAR ____________ 18 ARCSEC NIRCAM Filter I F200W F300M F335M F360M F444W E N