Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

companion star, causing its rotation tospeedup.Thestar’shighspinrate was discovered with NASA’s retired Kepler space telescope. While nor- mal Sun-like stars typically take about 30 days to complete one ro- tation, the lurker takes only four days. How the blue lurker got that way is a “super complicated evolu- tionary story,” said Emily LeinerofIllinoisInstituteof Technology in Chicago. “This star is really exciting becauseit’sanexampleofa star that has interacted in a triple-star system.” The blue lurker originally rotatedmoreslowlyandor- bited a binary system con- sistingoftwoSun-likestars. Around 500 million years ago, the two stars in that binary merged, creating a single, much more massive star. This behemoth soon swelled into a giant star, dumping some of its own material onto the blue lurker and spinning it up in the process. Today, we ob- servethatthebluelurkeris orbitingawhitedwarfstar —theburnedoutremains “We know these multiple star sys- tems are fairly common and are going to lead to really interesting outcomes,” Leiner explained. “We justdon’tyethaveamodelthatcan reliablyconnectthroughallofthose stages of evolution. Triple-star sys- tems are about 10 percent of the Sun-like star population. But being able to put together this evolution- ary history is challenging.” Hubble observed the white dwarf companion star that the lurker orbits. Using ultravio- let spectroscopy, Hubble found the white dwarf isvery hot (as high as 23,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or roughly two-three times the Sun’s surface temperature) and a heavyweight at 0.72 solar masses. According to theory, hot white dwarfs in M67shouldbeonlyabout 0.5 solarmasses. This is evidence that the white dwarf is the byprod- uct of the merger of two stars that once were part of a triple-star system. “This is one of the only triple sys- tems where we can tell a story this detailed about howitevolved,” saidLeiner. “Triplesareemergingaspo- tentially very important to creating interesting, explo- siveendproducts.It’sreally unusual to be able to put constraints onsucha system ofthemassivemerger. asweareexploring.”  ﺗﻄــﻮر اﻟــ " ﻨ ﻢ ــﺎﻣﻦ اﻟ اﻷزرق " ﻓــﻲ ﻧﻈــﺎم ﺛﻼﺛــﻲ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺔ 1 : ــﺪوراﺛﻨــﺎن ﻣﻨﻬــﺎ ﺣــﻮل ﻌﻀــﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻈــﺎم ﻧ ﻤــﻲ ﺛﻼﺛــﻲ ﻳﺤﺘــﻮيﻋﻠــﻰ ﺛﻼﺛــﺔ ﻧﺠــﻮمﺷــﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺎﻟﺸــﻤﺲ اﻟ ﻌﺾ ﺸ ﻞ ﻓﺮﺐ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ ﺔ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓ ﺪورﺣـﻮل ﻧﻔﺴـﮫ ﺸـ ﻞ أوﺳـﻊ ﻛﺜـ اً . اﻟﻠﻮﺣـﺔ 2 : ـﺔ ﻣﻌـﺎً ـﺔ اﻟﻘﺮ ﺗﻠـﺘ ﻢ اﻷزواج اﻟﻨ ﻤ وﺗﻨـﺪﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﺸـ ﻞ ﻧ ﻤـﺎً واﺣـﺪاً أﻛ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ 3 : ﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﻟ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻧ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺎً وﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﺪد اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟـﺠﻮي اﻟﻀ ﻢ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓـﻖ اﻟـ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﺘﺴـ ﺐ ﻓـﻲ ﻧﻤـﻮ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓــﻖ وز ـﺎدة ﻣﻌـﺪل دوراﻧـﮫ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺎت 4-5 : ـﺔ و ﺸـ ﻞ ﻗ ﻳﺤـ ق اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛـﺰي اﻟﻤﻨــﺪﻣﺞ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﺰﻣـﺎً أﺑ ﻀـ ﺎً ﺎً ﺿـ ﻤ وﺗـﺪوراﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘــﺔ اﻟــ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﺗﺠــﺎﻩ اﻟﻘــﺰم اﻷﺑــ ﺾ ﺗﺎرﻛــﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻣـﺎً ـﺎً ﻧ ﻤ ــ ﺎً ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﻤــﺪار أﺿـﻴﻖ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺔ 6 : ﺸــ ﮫ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓــﻖ اﻟــ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ اﻟﻨــﺎﺟﻲ اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ ﻛﺜــ اً وﻟﻜﻨــﮫ ــﮫ اﺳــﻢ ُﻄﻠــﻖ ﻋﻠ " ــﺎﻣﻦ اﻟ اﻷزرق " ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻟــﺮﻏﻢ ﻣــﻦ أﻧــﮫ أﻛـــ ﺳــﻄﻮﻋﺎً و ــﺎن ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌـــ زرﻗــﺔ ﻣﻤــﺎ ﺎً ﺴــ ﺐ ـــﺪوراﻵن اﻧﺘﻘــﺎل اﻟﻤــﺎدة اﻟﻤ ﻜـــﺮﻣــﻦ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛــﺰيو ﻌﺸــــﻮاﺋ ﺔ وﻫـــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺴــــﻤﺎت دﻗ ﻘـــــﺔ وﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﺴــــﻬﻞ اﻟـــــ ـ ﺸـــــ ﮫ اﻟﺸــــﻤﺲﻋﻠـــــﻰ اﻟـــــﺮﻏﻢ ﻣــــﻦ ﺗﺎر ﺨـــــﮫ اﻟﺘﻄـــــﻮري اﻟﻐﺮ ــــﺐ ـــــﻢ ﻋــــﺎد ﻫــــﺬا اﻟـــــﻨ ﻢ وﻧ ﺨﻠﻂ ﺑـــــ . [NASA,ESA,LeahHustak(STScI)] ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟـ ﺪوران اﻟﻌـﺎﱄ ﻟ ﻠـﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻛ ﺒﻠﺮ ا ﺘﻘﺎﻋـﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻓ ﻔـﻲ ﺣـ ﺗﺴـﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﺎدة ﺣـﻮاﱄ 30 ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﻹﻛﻤﺎل دورة واﺣﺪة ﻳﺴـﺘﻐﺮق اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﱰﺑ ﺺ ﺣﻮاﱄ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻳﺎم ﻓ . ﻘﻂـ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ إﻣـﻴﲇ ﻟﻴﻨـ وف ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ إﻟﻴﻨﻮي ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ إن ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ـﺔ وﺻـﻮل اﻟ ـﻨﺠﻢ ا ـﱰﺑﺺ اﻷزرق إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸـﻜﻞ ﻫـﻲ ﻗﺼـﺔ ﺗﻄﻮرﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ " . ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﺜ ﺣﻘًﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ." ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﱰﺑﺺ اﻷزرق ﻳﺪور ﰲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺑﻄـﺄ وﻳـﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﻈﺎم ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠﻤـ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﺎن اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﱄ 500 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨ ﺔ، اﻧﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺎن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﺠﻢ واﺣـﺪ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺔ . ﴎﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﻔﺦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤـﻼق إﱃ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﻼق وأﻟﻘـﻰ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﻣﺎدﺗـﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻜـﺎﻣﻦ اﻷزرق موﻗﺎ ﺑﺘﺪوﻳﺮه ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ . اﻟﻴﻮم ﻧﺮﺻﺪ أن اﻟﻨﺠ ﻢ اﻷزرق ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ﻗﺰم أﺑﻴﺾ وﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻳـﺎ ا ﺤﱰﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ . أوﺿﺢ ﻟﻴﻨﺮ " : ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﻌﺪدة ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣـﺎ . ﺣﻘًﺎ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﻤـﻮذج ﻳﻤﻜﻨـﻪ وﺳﺘﺆدي إﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ . ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﻤـﻮذج ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ ﻗﻄﻌـﻲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻫﺬه . ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 10 ﰲ ا ﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ـــ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮري أﻣﺮ ﺻﻌﺐ . ﻟﻘﺪ رﺻﺪ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻠ ﻘﺰم اﻷﺑﻴﺾ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨ ﺪام اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ وﻗﺪ وﺟﺪ ﻫﺎﺑﻞ أن اﻟﻘﺰم اﻷﺑﻴﺾﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﺟ ) اً ﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻪ إﱃ 23 أﻟﻒ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ أو ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﻲ أو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف درﺟـﺔ ﺣـﺮارة ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ ( إﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻟ اﻟ ﻮزﻧﻪ ﺜﻘﻴـﻞ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﺣﻮاﱄ 0,72 اﻟ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ . ﺸﻤﺲ وﻓﻘًـﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ﻳﺠـﺐ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﰲ M67 ﺣﻮاﱄ 0.5 ﻓﻘـﻂﺲ ﺸﻤ اﻟ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ وﻫـﺬا دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻋـﲆ أن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻘـﺰم اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﺎج ﺛـﺎﻧﻮي ﻻﻧـﺪﻣﺎج ﻧﺠﻤ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎ ذات ﻳـﻮم ﺟـﺰء اً ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻗﺎل ﻟﻴﻨﺮ " : ﻫﺬا ﻫ ﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴـﺪة ﺣﻴــﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨــﺎ أن ﻧــﺮ وي ﻗﺼــﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ ". ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺎت ﻛﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟﺨﻠ ـﻖ ﻣﻨﺘﺠــﺎت ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴــﺔ ﻣﺜــ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم وﻣﺘﻔﺠﺮة ﻓﻬو ﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻌﺪدة . ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏـ ا ﻌﺘـﺎد أن ﺗﻜـﻮن اً ﻗﺎدر ﻋﲆ وﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﻮد ﻋﲆ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺬي ﻧﺴﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ . ﺗـــﻢ إﻧﺸــــﺎء ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة ذات اﻟﻤﺠــــﺎل اﻟﻮاﺳــــﻊ ﻟﻠﺴــــﻤﺎء ﺣــــﻮل اﻟﻌﻨﻘــــﻮد اﻟﻨ ﻤـــــﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺘـــــﻮح اﻟﻘـــــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺴـــــﻴ ﮫ 67 ﻣـــــﻦ ﺻـــــﻮر ﻣـــــﻦ ﺟـــــﺰء ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻤﺴـــــﺢ اﻟﺴــﻤﺎوي اﻟﺮﻗﻤــﻲ 2 . ــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﻓــﻲ ﻈﻬــﺮاﻟﻌﻨﻘــﻮد ﻤ ﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻏﻨ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ اﻟﺼــﻮرة . ﻳﺤﺘــﻮي ﻣﺴــﻴ ﮫ 67 ــﺎً ــﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻤــﺮﺗﻘﺮ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻧﺠــﻮم وﻟﻬـــﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟ ﻛ ﺐ اﻟﻜ ﻤ ﺎﺋﻲ، ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . [ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Ack.: Davide De Martin] ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5