Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T depictsare- hisillustration construction of what the Firefly Sparkle galaxy lookedlikeabout 600millionyears after the bigbang if it wasn’t stretchedanddis- torted by a natu- ral effect known as gravitational lensing.Thiscon- cept is based on imagesanddatafromNASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTele- scope. [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)] surrounded by diffuse light from other unresolved stars,” said Iyer. “Thisgalaxyisliterallyintheprocess of assembling.” Webb’sdatashowtheFireflySparkle galaxyisonthesmallerside,falling intothecategoryofalow-massgal- axy.Billionsofyearswillpassbefore it builds its full heft and a distinct shape. “Most of the other galaxies Webbhasshownusaren’tmagnified orstretched,andwearenotableto seetheir‘buildingblocks’separately. WithFireflySparkle,wearewitness- ing a galaxy being assembled brick by brick,” Mowla said. Since the galaxy is warped into a long arc, the researchers easily picked out 10 distinct star clusters, which are emitting the bulk of the galaxy’s light. They are represented here in shades of pink, pur- ple,andblue.Thosecolorsin Webb’s images and its sup- porting spectra confirmed that star formation didn’t happen all at once in this galaxy,butwasstaggeredin time. “This galaxy has a diverse population of star clusters, and it is remarkable that we can see them separately at such an early age of the uni- verse,” saidChrisWillottfrom the National Research Coun- cilofCanada’sHerzbergAs- searchCentre,aco-authorandthe observationprogram’sprincipalin- vestigator. “Eachclumpofstarsisun- dergoing a different phase of for- mation or evolution.” The galaxy’s projected shape shows thatitsstarshaven’tsettledintoa central bulge or a thin, flattened disk, another piece of evidence that the galaxy is still forming. Researchers can’t predict how this disorganized galaxy will build up andtakeshapeoverbillionsofyears, buttherearetwogalaxiesthatthe team confirmed are “hanging out” withinatightperimeterandmayin- fluencehowitbuildsmassoverbil- lions of years. FireflySparkleisonly6,500light- yearsawayfromitsfirstcompanion, and its second companion is sepa- ratedby42,000light-years.Forcon- text, the fully formed Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years across — allthreewouldfitinsideit.Notonly areitscompanionsveryclose,there- searchers also think that they are orbiting one another. Eachtimeonegalaxypasses another, gas condenses and cools, allowing new stars to forminclumps,addingto thegalaxies’masses. “Ithas longbeenpredictedthat galaxiesintheearlyuniverse form through successive in- teractionsandmergerswith othertiniergalaxies,” said YoshihisaAsada,aco-author and doctoral student at Ky- otoUniversityinJapan.“We mightbewitnessingthis tronomyandAstrophysicsRe- processinaction.”    ﺗﻮﺟـــــﺪ ـــــﺔ ﻓـــــﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﻘـــــﻮد اﻟﻤﺠــــﺮي ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺠـــــﺮات اﻟﺜﻼﺛ MACSJ1423 ﺗـــــﻢ رﺻـــــﺪﻩ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــﻄﺔ واﻟـــــﺬ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲﻓـﻲ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺠـﮫ ﻟﻌﺪﺳـﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﻘـﻮد واﻟﻤﺴـﺢ ﻟﻠ ﻟأ ات ﻤﺴـﺘﻌﺮ ﻰﻌﻈﻤـ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮــــﺎﻣﺞ ــــﻼش) ﻫﺎﺑــــﻞ .( ــــﺎن ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب ﻫﺎﺑــــﻞ أول ﻣــــﻦ ﺻــــﻮرﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺠــــﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓــــﺔ اﻵن ﺎﺳــــﻢ ﺑﺮ ــــﻖ اﻟ اﻋـــﺎت . ﺗﻤﻜـــﻦ ـــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮبﺟـــ ﻤﺲو ﺗﺤﻠﻴـــﻞ ﻣـــﻦ ﺔﺳـــ ﻌ ـــﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﻗ ـــﺔ إﺿـــﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻧ ﻤ واﻟﻀـــﻮء اﻟﻤﻨ ﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺧﺎرج اﻟ ﻌﻨﺎﻗ ﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣ ﺘ ، وﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ ﻣﺠﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻋﺰزأﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﺮﻖ . [NASA,ESA,CSA,STScI,ChrisWillott (NRC-Canada), Lamiya Mowla (Wellesley College), Kartheik Iyer (Columbia)] ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أن ﻣﺠﺮة ﺑﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ اﻋﺎت ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ وﺗﻨـﺪرج ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ا ﺠﺮات ذات اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ا ﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ وﺳﻮف ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ ﻗﺒـﻞ أ ﻨـﻲ ن ﺗﺒ ﺛﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ وﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ا ﻤﻴﺰ . ﻗﺎل ﻣﺎوﻻ " : ﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ ا ﺠﺮات اﻷﺧـﺮى اﻟﺘـﻲ أﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﻣﻜـﱪة أو ﻣﻤﺘﺪة وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ أن ﻧـﺮى ﻛﺘـ" ﻞ اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء " اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ اﻋﺎت ﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬـﺎ ﻟﺒﻨـﺔ اً وﻧﻈﺮ " ﻟﺒﻨﺔ ﻷن ا ﺠـﺮة ﻣﻠﺘﻮﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﻗـﻮس ﻓﻘ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑﺴـﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ 10 ﻧﺠﻤ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴـﺪ ﻴـﺔ ﻣﻤﻴـﺰة اﻟﺘـﻲ و ﺗﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺿﻮء ا ﺠﺮة وﻫﻲ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻈﻼل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟـﻮردي واﻷرﺟـﻮاﻧﻲ واﻷزرق وأﻛــﺪت ﻫــﺬه اﻷﻟــﻮان ﰲ ﺻــﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ واﻷﻃﻴـﺎف اﻟﺪاﻋﻤـﺔ ﻟﻬـﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤـﺪث دﻓﻌـﺔ واﺣـﺪة ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺘﺪ ﺎً رﺟ ﺑﻤـﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺠ ﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻣﺘ ﻨﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴ ـﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ وﻣﻦ ا ﺪﻫﺶ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻗﺎل ﻛـﺮﻳﺲ وﻳﻠـﻮت ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠﻠـﺲ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﻮث ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ أﺑﺤـﺎث ﻫ زﺑﺮج ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻨ ـﺪا وا ﺆﻟــﻒ ا ﺸــﺎرك وا ــ ﻗﻖ ﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ ﻳ" : ﺮﺻﺪ ﺨﻀـﻊ ﻛـﻞ ﻋﻨﻘـﻮد ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺮ ﺣﻠ ـﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ أو اﻟﺘﻄـﻮر ". ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸـﻜﻞ ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺠـﺮة أن ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ اﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي أن ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ا ﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي أو ﻗﺮص رﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ وﻫﻮ دﻟﻴﻞ آﺧﺮ ﻋﲆ أن ا ﺠﺮة ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻟ ﰲ ﻃﻮر ﺘﺸﻜﻞ . ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺑﻨـﺎء ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻏ ا ﻨﻈﻤ ﺔ وﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣـﺪى ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺠﺮﺗـﺎن أﻛـﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أﻧﻬﻤـﺎ داﺧـﻞ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺿـﻴﻖ وﻗـﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮان ﻋﲆ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪى ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ . ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺑﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ اﻋـﺎت ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 6500 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻋـﻦ رﻓﻴﻘﺘﻬـﺎ اﻷوﱃ وﺗﻔﺼـﻠﻬﺎ ﻋـﻦ رﻓﻴﻘﺘﻬـﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻔﺼـﻠﻬﺎ ﻋـﻦ رﻓﻴﻘﺘﻬـﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 42000 . ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺮض ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ا ﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 100,000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻛﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺴﻊ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ . ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘـﻂ أن رﻓﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬ ـﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒــﺎت ﺟ ـﺪ اً ﺑــﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻘــﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أﻳﻀ ﺎً أﻧﻬـ ﺗـ ﺎ ﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﺑﻌﻀـﻬ ﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ . ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة ﺗﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺑﺄﺧﺮى ﻳﺘﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻐﺎز وﻳـﱪد ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻀـﻴﻒ إﱃ ﻛ ﺘـﻞ ا ﺠﺮات . إن ﻓﻜﺮة أن ا ﺠﺮات ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت واﻻﻧـﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت ﻫـﻲ ﻓﻜـﺮة ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت واﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت ﻫ ﻲ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻷدﻟﺔ واﻷرﺻﺎد . إن دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺴ ذﻟﻚ ﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن وﺗﻄﻮره وﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ﻟ ﻨـﺎ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘـ ﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم . ﻗــﺎل ﻳﻮﺷﻴﻬﻴﺴــﺎ أﺳــﺎدا ا ﺆﻟــﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك وﻃﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن " : ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺄن ا ﺠـﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت واﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت ا ﺘﻌﺎ ﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠـﺮات أﺧﺮ ى أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎً و ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ". رﺼــــــﻮ ﻫــــــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــــــﻢ ــﺔ ﻣﺠــﺮة اﻟﺘﻮﺿــﻴﺤﻲ ﻨ ﺑﺮ ـــــــــﻖ اﻟ اﻋـــــــــﺎت ﻤـــــــــﺎ ﺎﻧﺖ ﺗ ﺪو ﻌﺪ ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ 600 ﻣﻠﻴــــﻮنﺳــــﻨﺔ ﻣــــﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـــــــﺎراﻟﻌﻈــــــــ ﻢ إذا ﻟـــــــــــــﻢ ﺗﻜـــــــــــــﻦ ﻣﺘﻤـــــــــــــﺪدة وﻣﺸـــــــــــــــﻮﻫﺔ ﺴــــــــــــــــ ﺐ ﺗــــــﺄﺛ ﻃﺒ ﻌــــــﻲ ُﻌـــــــﺮف ﺎﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻢ ﻋﺪﺳـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ ـ اﻟـــ . ﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ ﻌﺘﻤـــﺪ ﻫــــﺬا اﻟﻤﻔﻬـــﻮم ﻋﻠـــﻰﺻـــﻮر وﺑ ﺎﻧـــﺎت ﻣــــﻦ ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب ﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Craw ord (STScI)] ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5 ﻣﺠﺮة ﺑﺮﻖ اﻟ اﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘﺔ 1 اﻟﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘﺔ 2