Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T hisartist’svisualisationofWASP-127b,agiantgasplanetlocatedabout520light- years from Earth, shows its newly discovered supersonic jet winds that move aroundtheplanet’sequator.Withaspeedof9kmpersecond(33,000km/h),thisis thefastestjetstreamofitskindevermeasuredintheUniverse.[ESO/L.Calçada] planet rotates. “This is something we haven’t seen before,” says Nort- mann. It is the fastest wind ever measured in a jetstream that goes around a planet. In comparison, the fastest wind ever measured in the Solar System was found on Nep- tune, moving at ‘only’ 0.5 km per second (1800 km/h). Theteam,whoseresearchwaspub- lishedin Astronomy&Astrophysics , mapped the weather and make-up of WASP-127b using the CRIRES+ instrumentonESO’sVLT.By measuring how the light of thehost star travels through the planet’supperatmosphere, theymanagedtotraceits composition.Theirresults confirmthepresenceof watervapourandcarbon monoxide molecules in the planet’satmosphere.But when the team tracked the speedofthismaterialinthe atmosphere, they ob- served — much to their sur- prise— adoublepeak, indicating that one side ofthe atmosphere is moving towardsusandtheother away from us at high speed. Theresearchersconcludethat powerful jetstream winds around the equator would ex- plain this unexpected result. Furtherbuildinguptheirweather map, the team also found that the polesarecoolerthantherestof theplanet.Thereisalsoaslight temperaturedifferencebetween the morning and evening sides of WASP-127b. “Thisshowsthatthe planethascomplexweatherpat- ternsjustlikeEarthandotherplan- ets of our own System,” adds Fei Yan,aco-authorofthestudyanda professorattheUniversityofSci- enceandTechnologyofChina. The field of exoplanet research is rapidly advancing. Up until a few yearsago,astronomerscouldmeas- MARCH-APRIL2025 ﻗﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ـ ﺬي ﻧُﴩﺑﺤﺜﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻘﺲ ﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ـوﺗ اﻟﻜـﻮﻛﺐ WASP-127b وذﻟﻚ ـﺑ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة CRIRES + ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪ اً اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷورو ﺑ ﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻴﺎس ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺘﻘ ـ ﺎل ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻀﻴﻒ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﻌ ﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺗ ـ ﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺮﻛ ﺆﻛﺪ ـﺗو ﻴﺒﻪ ـ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ ـ ﻮد ﺑﺨ ـوﺟ ﻋـﲆ ﺎر ا ﺎء ـوﺟ ﺰﻳﺌﺎت أول أﻛ ـ ن ﺮﺑﻮ ـ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜ ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻠ ﻜﻮﻛﺐ ـ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻨﻋ ـ ﺒﻊ اﻟ ـ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘ ﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﴎﻋﺔ ﺬهﻫ ا ﺎدة ﰲ اﻟ ـ ﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻻﺣﻈ ﻮا ـ ﻟﺪﻫﺸ ـ ﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮةـ ﺣﺪوث ذروة ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺪ ـ ﻰ أن أﺣ ـ ﺸ إﻟ ـ ـاﻟ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻐﻼف اﻟ ﺠـﻮي ﻳـﺘﺤـﺮك ـﻧﺤ ﻮﻧﺎ واﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﻌ ـﺎ ﺑـﻋﻨ ﻴﺪاً ـ ﴪﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺧﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن إﱃ أ ن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ـ اﻟﻨ ﻔﺎث اﻟﻘﻮي ﺣ ﻂـ ﻮل ﺧ ـ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاء ـ ﻣﻦ ﺷ ﺄﻧﻪ أن ﻳـ ﺬهـ ﻔﴪ ﻫـ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻏ ﻌـ ﻮﻗﺘا ﻏـ ﺔ وﺑﻤﺰﻳـﺪ ﻦﻣــ اﻟﺒﻨــﺎء ﻟﺨﺮﻳ ﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ـ اﻟﻄ ﺎﺻﺔ ـ ﻘﺲ اﻟﺨ ﺑـﻬﻢ وﺟﺪ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 15 ﻈﻬﺮ اﻟ اﻫﺬ ﺮﺳﻢ اﻟـﺘﺨ ﻠﻲ ﻟ ﻠ ﻮﻛﺐ WASP-127b وﻫﻮ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻏﺎزيﻋﻤﻼق ﻘﻊﻋ ﻠﻰ ﻌﺪﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 520 ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺣـﺪ ﺜﺎً ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرضر ﺎﺣـﮫ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ اﻷﺳـﺮع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮت اﻟـ ﺗﺘﺤـﺮك ﺣـﻮل ﺧـﻂ واﻟـ اﺳـﺘﻮاء اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ و ﺴــﺮﻋﺔ 9 ﻛ ﻠــﻮﻣ ــﺔ ﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧ ) 33000 ـﻢ ( ﺳــﺎﻋﺔ / ــﺎرﻧﻔــﺎث ﻣــﻦ ﻧﻮﻋــﮫ ﺗـﻢ ﻌــﺪ ﻫــﺬا أﺳــﺮع ﺗ ﻗ ﺎﺳﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻮن . [ESO/L.C lçada] ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5 ﻳﻘﻮل ﻧﻮرﻣﺎن " : ﻫﺬا ﳾ ء ﻟﻢ ﻧﺸـﻬﺪه ﻦ ﻣـ ﻗﺒﻞ إﻧﻬـﺎ أﴎع رﻳـ ﺎ ح ﺗـﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﻬﺎ ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﰲ ﺗﻴﺎر ﻧﻔﺎث ﻳـﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ وﺑﺎ ﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻓﺈن أﴎع رﻳ ﺎ ح ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﺒﺘﻮن ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺤـﺮك ﺑـ ـ ﴪﻋﺔ " ﻓﻘـــﻂ " 0.5 ﻛﻴﻠـــﻮﻣﱰ ﺑ ﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـــﺔ أو ) ﺣﻮاﱄ 1800 ﺑ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ ﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ (. اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أﻳﻀًﺎ أن اﻟﻘﻄﺒ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑـﺮودة ﻦ ﻣـ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻓـﺮق ﻃﻔﻴـﻒ ﰲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑـ اﻟﺠـﺎﻧﺒ اﻟﺼـﺒﺎﺣﻲ وا ﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ WASP-127b . ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﰲ ( ﻳﺎن) ا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ واﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼ " : ﻳُﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻃﻘﺲ ﻣ ﻌﻘﺪة ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷرض واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻷﺧﺮى ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ." ﻳﺘﻘـﺪم ﻣﺠـﺎل أﺑﺤـﺎث اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ـﺑـ ﴪﻋﺔ ﻓﺤﺘـﻰ ﺑﻀـﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻀﺖ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻗـﺎدرﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﺎسﻛﺘﻠﺔ وﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ .