Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

well-definedspiralarms,filledwith pink clouds of hydrogen gas where newstarsareforming.Interspersed amongst these pink regions are bright blue clusters of hot, young starswhoseultravioletradiationhas blown away the surrounding gas. Atthegalaxy’score,ayellowcentral bulge is composed of older stars, and a weak bar connects the spiral armsthroughthecenter,funneling gas from the outer regions toward the core. DECam’s high sensitivity capturesMessier83’sextendedhalo, andmyriadmoredistantgalaxiesin the background. Just as Messier 83 is filled with countless newly formed stars, the galaxy is also host to many dying stars. In the past century, as- tronomershavewitnessedatotalof sixstellarexplosions,calledsuper- novae, in Messier 83 — a number matchedbyonlytwoothergalaxies. And while we have only detected thesesixstellardeaths,thegalaxyis estimated to be filled with hun- dreds of thousands of ‘ghosts’ of dead stars called supernova rem- nants. In2006amysteriousfeatureof Messier 83 was discovered by NSF NOIRLabastronomerRubenDiaz andaninternationalteamofas- tronomers using the Gemini South telescope, one half of the Interna- tionalGeminiObservatory,fundedin partbytheNSFandoperatedbyNSF NOIRLab.Attheheartofthisgalaxy, theydiscoveredapreviouslyunseen concentrationofmassresemblinga     ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 12 ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5 ــﺎ ﻳﺨ ــﺪﻳﻮ ﻋـــﻦ أﺣـــﺪث ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻔ رﺻـــﺪ ﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة دوﻻب اﻟﻬـــــــــﻮاء ـ اﻟـــــــــ ـــــــــﺎﻣ ا ﺠﻨﻮﺑ ﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــــــﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ . [Images, Videos, and Animation: CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/ NSF/AURA/M. Garrison − Image Processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIR-Lab), D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab) & M. Zamani (NSFNOIRLab) − Music: Stellardrone - Twilight] ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼـﻮ رة اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﺤـﺪدة اً ﺟﻴﺪ ﺠﺮة ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 ا ﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺴﺤﺐ وردﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎز اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة . ﺗﺘﺨﻠــﻞ ﻫــﺬه ا ﻨ ـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻮردﻳ ـﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت زرﻗﺎء ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻃﻠﻘﺖ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻈﻬــــــــﺮ ﻫــــــــﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﺘﻄــــــــﻒ ﻌــــــــﺾ اﻟﺴــــــــﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺜـــــ ة ﻟﻼ ﻫﺘﻤـــــﺎم ﻓـــــﻲﺻـــــﻮرة ﻣﺠـــــﺮة دوﻻب اﻟﻬﻮاء ـاﻟ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـﺎ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺠﻨﻮﺑ ﺔ اﻟـ ﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) ﺎم د (. [CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA − Image processing:T.A.Rector( Uni- versity of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), D. de Martin (NSF NOIR- Lab) & M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab)] اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ . ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﰲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠـﻮي ة ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ا ﺮﻛـﺰي اﻷﺻـﻔﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠﻮم أﻛﱪ ﺳـﻨﺎً وﻳـﺮﺑﻂ ﴍﻳـﻂ ﺿـ ﻌﻴﻒ اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰو ﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ا ﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟ ﻐﺎز ﻣﻦ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ ا . ﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻛـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) دي ﻛﺎم ( اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 ا ﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ وﻋـﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤـ ـ ﴡ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة ﰲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔ ﻴـﺔ وﻛﻤـﺎ أن ﻣﺴـﻴﻴﻪ 83 ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤـ ـ ﴡﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺜًﺎ ﻓﺈن ا ﺠﺮة ﺗﺴﺘﻀﻴﻒ أﻳﻀـ ﺎً اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺤ ﺘﴬة ـ . ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺮن ا ـﺎﴈ ﻣـﺎ ﻣ ﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎرات ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺗﺴـﻤﻰ ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻤﺌﺎ اﻷﺷﺒﺎح " " ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 وﻫﻮ رﻗﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻀـﺎﻫﻴﻪ ﺳـﻮى ﻣـﺎ ﺣـﺪث ﰲ ﺗ ﻣﺠـﺮ أﺧﺮﻳ . وﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺳﻮى ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﺗـﺖ ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮات ﺗﺸـ إﱃ أن ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻤﺌﺎت اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﻴﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ . ﻋﺎم ﰲ 2006 اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ روﺑﻦ ) ( دﻳﺎز وﻓﺮﻳﻖ دوﱄ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﳾء ﻏــﺎﻣﺾ ﰲ ﻣﺠـﺮة ﻣﺴـﻴﻴﻪ 83 ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﺳـ ﺎوث، وﻫـﻮ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨ ـﻲ اﻟ ـﺪوﱄ واﻟــﺬي ﺗﻤﻮﻟ ـﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـ ﺎً وﻳـﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ا ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ . ﻣﺨ ﱪ ﻧﻮ وﰲ ﻻبﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠـﺮة اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻮا ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اً ﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻮاة ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة أﺧﺮى ﺗﻠﺘﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﺴـﻴﻴﻪ 83 ﰲ ﺗﺼـﺎدم ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﺮ و رﺑﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ا ﺴﺌﻮل ﻋﻦ ﻧ ﺸﺎط اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ . ﻳﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﻨﻮاﺗ اﻟﻠﺘ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺛ ﻘﻮب ﺳﻮداء إﱃ ﻧﻮاة واﺣﺪة ﺑﻌـﺪ 60 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى .