Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2025 ARABIC VERSION

11 essier 83, also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy,isoneofthemost prominent spiral galaxies in the nightsky.It’snamedforitsresem- blance to the Pinwheel Galaxy and spans around 50,000 light-years, making it much smaller than the MilkyWaygalaxy,althoughithasa higherrateofstarformation,asev- idenced by the striking bursts of pinkthroughoutitsspiralarms.This displayofintensestarburstactivity likely results from a past merger with another galaxy. This image was captured with the Department of Energy-fabricated Dark Energy Camera (DECam), mounted on the U.S. National Sci- ence Foundation Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO),a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Between1750and1754,Frenchas- tronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille wasstudyingthenightskywiththe aimofdeterminingthedistancesto the planets. During this period he observed and cataloged 10,000 stars andidentified42nebulousobjects, including Messier 83, which he dis- covered in 1752 during his expedi- tion to the Cape of Good Hope. In 1781 Charles Messier added it to hisfamouscatalog,describingitas a“nebulawithoutstars,”reflecting the limited knowledge of galaxies atthetime.Itwasn’tuntilthe20 th cent ury,throughtheworkofEdwin Hubble, that astronomers realized objectslikeMessier83areactually othergalaxiesfaroutsidetheMilky Way.TheimageshowsMessier83’s MARCH-APRIL2025 ﺗّﻌﺮف ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﺮة دوﻻب اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أ ﺑﺮز ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ وﻗـﺪ ﺳُﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﺳـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ﺗﺸـﺎﺑﻬﻬﺎ ﻣـ ﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة دوﻻب اﻟﻬﻮاء وﺗﻤﺘـﺪ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ 50,000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ أﺻـﻐﺮ اً ﻛﺜ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرا ت اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء أذرﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ . ﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌـﺮض ﻟﻨﺸـﺎط اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ا ﻜﺜـﻒ ﻧﺎﺗﺠـ ﺎً ﻋـﻦ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة أﺧﺮى . ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) دي ﻛـﺎم ( اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ وا ﺜﺒﺘــﺔ ﻋــﲆ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘــﻮر م . ﺑﻼﻧﻜــﻮ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ) ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ رو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ( وﻫـﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﱰة ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻋـﺎﻣﻲ 1750 و 1754 ﻛﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﴘ ) ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ دي ﻳ ( ﻻﻛﻴﻞ ﺪرس ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﺑﻬـﺪف ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺎت إﱃ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﺧﻼل ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔـﱰة رﺻـﺪ وﻓﻬ ـﺮس 10,000 ﻧﺠـﻢ وﺣ ـﺪد 42 ﺟﺴﻤﺎً ﺳﺪﻳﻤﻴﺎً ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 اﻟـﺬي اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺎم 1752 أﺛﻨﺎء رﺣﻠﺘﻪ إﱃ رأس اﻟﺮﺟﺎء اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ . ﰲ ﻋﺎم 1781 أ ﺰ ﺸـﺎرﻟ ﺗ ﻪﺿـﺎﻓ ﻣﺴـﻴﻴﻪ إﱃ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﻪ اﻟﺸﻬ ووﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ " ﺑـﻼ ﻧﺠـﻮم " ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻌﻜـﺲ ا ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ا ﺤـﺪودة ﺑﺎ ﺠﺮات ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرك ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻞ إدوﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﺑﻞ أ ن اﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 83 ﻫﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻣﺠـﺮات أﺧـﺮى ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﺴﻴ ﮫ 83 واﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ أ ﻀ ﺎ ﻤﺠﺮة دوﻻب اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟ ـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗ ﻌﺪ 12 ﻣﻠﻴﻮنﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ أذرﻋﻬــــﺎ اﻟــــ ـﺤﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔ اﻟــــﺪوارة ﻣﻌــــﺪﻻً ﻣﺮﻔﻌــــ ﺎً ــــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــــﻮم ﻣــــﻦ ﺗ وﺗﻀــــﻢﺳــــﺘﺔ ﻣﺴــــﺘﻌﺮات ﻋﻈﻤــــﻰ ﺗــــﻢ اﻛﺘ . ﺸـــﺎﻓﻬﺎ ـــﺎﻣ ا ﺗـــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـــﺎطﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﺎﺳــــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤـــﺔ ) ـــﺎم د ( ﺻــــﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ اﻟـــ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ ـــﺔ اﻻﻣﺮ ﻜ واﻟﻤﺜ ﺘـــﺔ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ـــﻮ ﻓ ﻜﺘـــﻮرﻣﺎﻧﻮﻳـــﻞ ﻼﻧ ـــﺎﻟﻎ ﻗﻄـــﺮﻩ اﻟ 4 أﻣﺘـــﺎراﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﺮو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﺗ ﻓﻲ ﺸ ﻠﻲ وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 5 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 11 [CTIO/ NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA−Image processing:T.A.Rector (UniversityofAlaska Anchorage/NSFNOIRLab),D.deMartin(NSFNOIRLab)&M.Zamani(NSFNOIRLab)]