Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

45 he so-called Running Chicken Nebula, home to young stars in the making, is revealed in spec- tacular detail in this 1.5-billion-pixel image cap- tured by the VLT Survey Telescope (VST), hosted at ESO’s Paranal site in Chile. This vast stellar nursery is located in the constellation Centaurus (the Centaur), at about 6500 light-years from Earth. Young stars within this nebula emit intense radiation that makes the surrounding hydrogen gas glow in shades of pink. The Running Chicken Nebula actually comprises sev- eral regions, all of which we can see in this vast image that spans an area in the sky of about 25 full Moons. The brightest region within the nebula is called IC 2948, where some people see the chicken’s head and others its rear end. The wispy pastel contours are ethereal plumes of gas and dust. Towards the centre of the image, marked by the bright, vertical, almost pillar-like, structure, is IC 2944. The brightest twinkle in this particular region is Lambda Centauri, a star vis- ible to the naked eye that is much closer to us than the nebula itself. There are, however, many young stars within IC 2948 and IC 2944 themselves — and while they might be bright, they’re most certainly not merry. As they spit out vast amounts of radiation, they carve up their environment much like, well, a chicken. Some regions of the nebula, known as Bok globules, can withstand the fierce bombardment from the ultraviolet radiation pervading this region. If you zoom in to the image, you might see them: small, dark, and dense pockets of dust and gas dotted across the nebula. Other regions pictured here in- clude, to the upper right, Gum 39 and 40, and to the lower right, Gum 41. Aside from nebulae, there are countless orange, white and blue stars, like fireworks in the sky. Overall in this image, there are more won- ders than can be described — zoom in and pan across, and you’ll have a feast for the eyes. This image is a large mosaic comprising hundreds of separate frames carefully stitched together. The indi- vidual images were taken through filters that let through light of different colours, which were then combined into the final result presented here. The observations were conducted with the wide-field camera OmegaCAM on the VST, a telescope owned by the National Institute for Astrophysics in Italy (INAF) and hosted by ESO at its Paranal site in Chile’s Atacama Desert that is ideally suited for mapping the southern sky in visible light. The data that went into making this mosaic were taken as part of the VST Photometric H α Survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Bulge (VPHAS+), a project aimed at better under- standing the life cycle of stars.      T ﺗـﻢ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺴﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻛﻀﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮ ﻃﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ 1.5 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺑﻜﺴﻞ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ا ﺴﺢ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ اﻻﻳﻄﺎﱄ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎراﻧـﺎل اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ . ةﻫﺬ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ ﻗﻨﻄـﻮرس ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 6500 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض . ﺗﺒﻌـﺚ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ داﺧﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ إﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻏﺎز اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﻳﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﺑﻈﻼل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻮردي . ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟـﺔ اﻟﺮاﻛﻀﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮ اﱄ 25 ﻗﻤﺮا ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻼ . ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋًﺎ داﺧـﻞ اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺴـﻤﻰ IC 2948 ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮى ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس رأس اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ وآﺧـﺮون ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬـﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟ . ﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ أﻋﻤـﺪة أﺛ ﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز . واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﰲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺼﻮرة، واﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻼﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮدي اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ، ﻳﻮﺟﺪ IC 2944 أ ـﻊ وﻣـﻴﺾﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬات ﻫﻮ Lambda Centauri وﻫﻮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ رؤﻳﺘـﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ا ﺠﺮدة وﻫﻮ أﻗﺮب إﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ، ﻣﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸـﺎﺑﺔ داﺧـﻞ IC 2948 و IC 2944 ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ و ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣ ﴩﻗﺔ ـ إﻻ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـﺪ ﻟﻴﺴ ﻋﻨ . ﺖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪة ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﺚ ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻹﺷـﻌﺎع ﻓﺈﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺒﻌﺾﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ " ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻛﺮﻳﺎت ﺑﻮك " أن ﺗﺼﻤﺪ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻒ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ا ﻨﺘﴩة ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ . إذا ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﻜﺒ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮاﻫﺎ : ﺟﻴﻮب ﺻﻐ ة وﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر واﻟﻐـﺎز ﻣﻨﺘﴩة ﻋﱪ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺧﺮى ا ﺼﻮرة ﻫﻨﺎ، ﰲ أﻋﲆ اﻟﻴﻤ ، Gum 39 و Gum 40 وإﱃ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻴﻤ Gum 41 . وﺑﴫف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺪم، ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤﺼ ـ ﻰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـ ﻮم اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء واﻟﺰرﻗﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟ ﻨﺎرﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء . ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم، ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة، ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋﺠﺎﺋـﺐ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻤ ﻜـﻦ وﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻜﺒ ﻫﺎ وﺗﺤﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ وﺳﺘ ﺠﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨ . ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋـﻦ ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴـﺎء ﻛﺒـ ة ﺗﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺌـﺎت اﻹﻃﺎرات ا ﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ . ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ا ﺮﺷﺤﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻀﻮء ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﻢ دﻣﺠﻬـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﺿﺔ ﻫﻨـﺎ . ﺗـﻢ إﺟـﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﺎﻣ ا واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق OmegaCAM ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋـﲆ VST ، وﻫـﻮ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻣﻤﻠﻮك ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴـﺎ وﻳﺴﺘﻀﻴﻔﺔ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻻوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌـﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎ راﻧـﺎل ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﺎﱄ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴـﺔ . ﰲ اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ﺮﺋـﻲ . ﺗـﻢ أﺧـﺬ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴـﺎء ﻛﺠـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺢ VST اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ H α ﺴﺘﻮى واﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ) VPHAS (+ وﻫـﻮ ﻣﴩوع ﻳﻬﺪف إﱃ ﻓﻬ ﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺪورة ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . [ESO/VPHAS+ team. Acknowledgement: CASU] 45