Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Webb depicts staggering structure in 19 nearby spiral galaxies by NASA/ESA/CSA − Claire Blome 5 Christine Pulliam t’s oh-so-easy to be absolutely mesmerized by these spiral galax- ies. Follow their clearly defined arms, which are brimming with stars, to their centers, where there may be old star clusters and – some- times – active supermassive black holes. Only NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope can deliver highly detailed scenes of nearby galaxies in a combination of near- and mid-in- frared light. These Webb images are part of a large, long-standing project, the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) pro- gram, which is supported by more than 150 astronomers worldwide. Before Webb took these images, PHANGS was already brimming with data from NASA’s Hubble Space Tel- escope, the European Southern Ob- servatory’s Very Large Telescope’s Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array, including ob- servations in ultraviolet, visible, and I " و ﺐ" ﻠﺘﻘﻂﺻﻮراً ﻟ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ 19 ﻣﺠﺮةﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻠ ﻠﻮم و ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم ﻛﺮﺴﺘ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2 0 2 4 ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺟﺪًا أن ﺗﻨﺒﻬﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـ ﺎً ﺑﻬﺬه ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ اﺑﺘﺪأ ﻣـﻦ أذرﻋﻬـﺎ ا ﺤـﺪدة ﺑﻮﺿـﻮح وا ﻤﺘﻠﺌ ـﺔ ﺑ ـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم إﱃ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰﻫﺎ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴـﺪ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤـﺔ وﰲ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻷﺣﻴـﺎن ﺛﻘـﻮب ﺳﻮداء ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ . ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺎدر ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠـﺮات اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﺑﻤﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺿـﻮء اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ وا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ . ﺗُﻌﺪ ﺻﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻫﺬه ﺟﺰءاً ﻣﻦ ﻣﴩوع ﻛﺒ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧ ﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ زاوﻳـﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺠـﺮات اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ) PHANGS ( واﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 150 ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ . ــــ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺠﺮات ) (PHANGS ﻣﻠﻴﺌـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗ ﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ وا ﺴﺘﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ا ﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺪاً اﻟﺘ ـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑ ـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ و ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣـﺎ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑ ﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ وا ﺮﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺮادﻳﻮي . ،