Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

to generate powerful outflows.” The quasar the researchers ob- served, J2054-0005, has a very high redshift — it and the Earth are ap- parently moving away from each other very fast. “J2054-0005 is one of the brightest quasars in the dis- tant Universe, so we decided to tar- get this object as an excellent candidate to study powerful out- flows,” Hashimoto says. The re- searchers used ALMA to observe the outflow of molecular gas from the quasar. As the only telescope in the world that has the sensitivity and frequency coverage to detect molecular gas outflows in the early Universe, ALMA was key to this study. Speaking about the method used in the study, Salak comments: “The outflowing molecular (OH) gas was discovered in absorption. This means we did not observe mi- crowave radiation coming directly from the OH molecules; instead, we observed the radiation coming from the bright quasar — and absorption means that OH molecules happened to absorb a part of the radiation from the quasar. So, it was like re- vealing the presence of a gas by see- ing the ‘shadow’ it cast in front of the light source.” The findings from this study are the first strong evidence that powerful molecular gas outflows from quasar- host galaxies exist and impact gal- axy evolution at the early cosmic age. “Molecular gas is a very impor- tant constituent of galaxies because it is the fuel for star formation,” Salak concludes. “Our findings show that quasars are capable of sup- pressing star formation in their host galaxies by ejecting molecular gas into intergalactic space.”     ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 37 رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠﻲ ﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﺪﻓﻘ ﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟ ـ ﺠﺰ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻮازار J2054-0005 اﻟﻜﻮازار اﻟـﺬي رﺻـﺪه اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ا ﺴـﻤﻰ J2054-0005 ﻟـﻪ ا ﻧﺰﻳـﺎح أﺣﻤـﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻔــﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ واﻷرض ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻛـﺎن ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اً ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﻛﺒ ة . ﻳﻘـﻮل ﻫﺎﺷﻴﻤﻮﺗﻮ " : ﻳﻌﺪ J2054-0005 اً واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أ ﻊ اﻟﻜﻮازارات ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺮرﻧـﺎ اﺳﺘﻬﺪاف ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎره ﻣﺮﺷـﺤ ﺎً اً ﻣﻤﺘــﺎز ﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ اﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴــﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ." اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أ ـﺎ ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜـﻮازار ـــ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎره اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳــﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴـﺔ اﻟﱰددﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﺗـﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮن، ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻫﻮ ا ﻔﺘﺎح ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ . وﰲ ﻣﻌﺮضﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ا ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ، ﻳﻌﻠـﻖ ﺳـﺎﻻك " : ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳ ﺌـﻲ (OH) ا ﺘـﺪﻓﻖ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻟـﻢ ﻧﺮﺻـﺪ أن إﺷـﻌﺎع ا ﻴﻜﺮووﻳــﻒ ﻳـﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﻣــﻦ ـــــــــ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت (OH) ﺑﻞ رﺻﺪﻧﺎ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻘـﺎدم ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮازار ﺳﺎﻃﻊ واﻻﻣﺘﺼـﺎص ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ أن ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت OH ﻗﺪ اﻣﺘﺼﺖ ﺟﺰءًا ﻣﻦ ا ﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮازار ﻟﺬﻟﻚ . ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮ أﺷـﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼل رؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﻈﻞ " " اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻘﻴﻪ أﻣـﺎم ﻣﺼـﺪر اﻟﻀـﻮء . ﺗﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻮﺻـﻠﺖ إﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أول دﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮي ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد ﺗـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﻀـﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮازارات وﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠـﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻌﴫ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ا ﺒﻜﺮ وﻳﺨﻠ ﺺ ﺳﺎﻻك إﱃ أن » اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ ﻳﻌـﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧًـﺎ ﻣﻬﻤًـﺎ ﺟـﺪًا ﻟﻠﻤﺠ ـﺮات ﻷﻧــﻪ اﻟﻮﻗ ـﻮد اﻟــﻼزم ﻟﺘﻜــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم « . ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺰاﺋﻔﺔ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﲆ ﻗﻤﻊ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﺧﺮاج اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﺑ ا ﺠﺮات ." - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4