Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

A unique insights into the acceleration of the Universe by NOIRLab − Yuanyuan Zhang 5 Josie Fenske n 1998 two separate teams of as- trophysicists, using telescopes at the US National Science Founda- tion’s Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) and Kitt Peak National Observatory, both Pro- grams of NSF’s NOIRLab, discovered that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. This phenomenon is attributed to a mysterious entity called dark energy that makes up about 70% of our Universe. The dis- covery came as a surprise to astro- physicists who, at the time, ex- pected the Universe’s expansion to be slowing down. This revolutionary discovery was achieved with observations of a par- رؤى اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﻮل ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟ ﻮن : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻳﻮاﻧ ﻴﻮان ﺗﺸﺎﻧﻎ و ﺟﻮزي ﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ - ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻓـﻲ ﻋﺎم 1998 اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎن ﻣﻨﻔﺼـﻼن ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ، ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻛـﺮو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟـﻮ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻛﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﻚ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ وﻛﻼﻫﻤـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ NOIRLab اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ، ﻣﺨﺘ ـﱪ ﻧ ـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠ ـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ، أن اﻟﻜﻮن ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﻣﺘﺴـﺎرع . ﺗُﻌﺰى ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة إﱃ ﻛﻴ ﺎن ﻏﺎﻣﺾ ﻳُﺴـﻤﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ﺗو ﺸـﻜﻞ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 70 % ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﺟﺎء ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑـﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺟـﺄة ــــ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻮا ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ أن ﻳﺘﺒﺎﻃﺄ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻜـﻮن . ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺜﻮري ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ا ﻨﻔﺠــﺮة، ﺗﺴــﻤﻰ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع Ia ) ﻘـﺮأ ﺗ " اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول -A(" ، وﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﲆ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﰲ ﻋﺎم ٢٠١١ . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4