Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

27 spectral signature (which signifies the chemical composition of the ex- oplanet’s atmosphere) indicative of a changing atmosphere. Next, the team used highly sophisticated com- putational models to attempt to un- derstand observed behaviour of the exoplanet’s atmosphere. The models indicated that their results could be explained by quasi-periodic weather patterns, specifically massive cy- clones that are repeatedly created and destroyed as a result of the huge temperature difference be- tween the star-facing and dark side of the exoplanet. This result represents a significant step forward in potentially observ- ing weather patterns on exoplanets. “The high resolution of our exo- planet atmosphere simulations al- lows us to accurately model the weather on ultra-hot planets like WASP-121 b,” explained Jack Skin- ner, a postdoctoral fellow at the Cal- ifornia Institute of Technology and co-leader of this study. “Here we make a significant step forward by combining observational constraints with atmosphere simulations to un- derstand the time-varying weather on these planets.” “Weather on Earth is responsible for many aspects of our life, and in fact the long-term stability of Earth’s climate and its weather is likely the reason why life could emerge in the first place,” added Changeat. “Studying exoplanets’ weather is vital to understanding the complexity of exoplanet atmos- pheres, especially in our search for exoplanets with habitable condi- tions.” Future observations with Hubble and other powerful telescopes, in- cluding Webb, will provide greater insight into weather patterns on distant worlds: and ultimately, pos- sibly to finding exoplanets with sta- ble long-term climates and weather patterns.     - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4 واﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ) اﻟـﺬي ﻳـﺪل ﻋﲆ اﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ( ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﺗﻐ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي . ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ، اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻧﻤـﺎذج ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄـﻮرة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﺤﺎوﻟـﺔ ﻓﻬـﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ا ﻠﺤﻮظ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ . أﺷـﺎرت اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج إﱃ أﻧـﻪ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﺗﻔﺴ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﻧﻤـﺎط اﻟﻄﻘـﺲ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺪورﻳﺔ، وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪًا اﻷﻋﺎﺻ اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ وﺗـﺪﻣﺮ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜـﺮر ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮق اﻟﻜﺒ ﰲ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑ اﻟﺠﺎﻧـﺐ ا ﻮاﺟﻪ ﻟﻠـﻨﺠﻢ واﻟﺠﺎﻧـﺐ ا ﻈﻠـﻢ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ . ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ إﱃ اﻷﻣـﺎم ﰲ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻧﻤـﺎط اﻟﻄﻘـﺲ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ . أوﺿﺢ ﺟﺎك ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺮ زﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ واﻟﻘﺎﺋـﺪ ا ﺸﺎرك ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ " : إن اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺗﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑﻮﺿـﻊ ﻧﻤـﻮذج دﻗﻴـﻖ ﻟﻠﻄﻘﺲ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﺜـﻞ WASP-121 b ." " ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﺨﻄﻮ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ إﱃ اﻷﻣـﺎم ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼ ل اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑ ﻗﻴـﻮد ا ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ وﻣﺤﺎﻛـﺎة اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ا ﺘﻐ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ". أﺿﺎف ﺗﺸـﺎﻧﻐﻴﺖ " : اﻟﻄﻘـﺲ ﻋـﲆ اﻷرض ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧـﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨـﺎ وﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﺈن اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﻨﺎخ اﻷرض وﻃﻘﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ا ﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ اﻷرﺟـﺢ اﻟﺴـﺒﺐ وراء ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﰲ ا ﻘﺎم اﻷول ." " إن دراﺳﺔ ﻃﻘﺲ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ أﻣﺮ ﺣﻴﻮي ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺪى ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ اﻷﺟـﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺤﺜﻨـﺎ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻈـﺮوف اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ." ﺤﻴﺎة ﻟﻠ ﺳــﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎت اﻟﺮﺻــﺪ ا ﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ وﻏـ ه ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ وﻳﺐ، رؤﻳﺔ أﻛﱪ ﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﰲ اﻟ ﻌﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة وﰲ : ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ا ﻄﺎف رﺑﻤـﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻧﺠﻤﻴ ـﺔ ذات ﻣﻨﺎﺧ ـﺎت وأﻧﻤ ـﺎط ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴ ـﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﻋﲆ ا ﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ . 27 رﺳــﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠــﻲ ﺼــﻮر اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ اﻟ ﻨ ﻤــﻲ WASP 121-b اﻟﻤﻌــﺮوف أ ﻀًـــﺎ ﺎﺳـــﻢ ﺗ ﻠـــﻮس . ﻌﺘﻤـــﺪ ﻣﻈﻬـــﺮاﻟ ﻮﻛـــﺐ اﻟﻨ ﻤـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑ ﺎﻧـﺎت ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ـ اﻟــ ﺻﺔ ﺨﺎ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟـﺠﺮم اﻟﺴﻤﺎوي .