Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

sented at the 243 rd American Astro- nomical Society meeting in New Or- leans, USA. The researchers’ lucky break came in May 2022, when South African am- ateur astronomer Berto Monard dis- covered the supernova SN 2022jli in the spiral arm of the nearby galaxy NGC 157, located 75 million light- years away. Two separate teams turned their attention to the after- math of this explosion and found it to have a unique behaviour. After the explosion, the brightness of most supernovae simply fades away with time; astronomers see a smooth, gradual decline in the explosion’s ‘light curve’. But SN 2022jli’s behav- iour is very peculiar: as the overall brightness declines, it doesn’t do so smoothly, but instead oscillates up and down every 12 days or so. “In SN 2022jli’s data we see a re- peating sequence of brightening and fading,” says Thomas Moore, a doctoral student at Queen’s Univer- sity Belfast, Northern Ireland, who led a study of the supernova pub- lished in the Astrophysical Journal. “This is the first time that repeated periodic oscillations, over many cy- cles, have been detected in a super- nova light curve,” Moore noted in his paper. Both the Moore and Chen teams be- lieve that the presence of more than one star in the SN 2022jli system could explain this behaviour. In fact, it’s not unusual for massive stars to be in orbit with a companion star in what is known as a binary system, and the star that caused SN 2022jli was no exception. What is remark- able about this system, however, is رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠﻲ ﺘﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻧ ﻢﺿ ﻢ داﺧﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ إﻟـﻰ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺮأﻋﻈـﻢ ُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟ . وﻗﻌﺖﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺣـﺪاث ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻌﺮاﻷﻋﻈـﻢ SN 2022jli ـﺎﺣﺜ ، وﺗـﻢ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒﻋﻨﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠ ـــﺎ اﻟـــ أﺟﺮاﻫـــﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــ ﺟـــﺪًا وﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ـــﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـــﺪ اﻟـــ ﻣـــﻦ ﺧـــﻼل ﻋﻤﻠ ـ . ﺠﺪ ﺪة ﻌـــﺪ أن اﻧﻔﺠﺮ ﻧ ﻢ ﺿ ﻢ ﻋﻠ ﻰﺷ ﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮأﻋﻈﻢ ﺗﺮك وراءﻩ ﺟﺴـﻤ ﺎً ﻣﻀـﻐﻮﻃ - ﺎً ﺎً ﻧ ﻤـ ـ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧ ﺎً ـ أو ﺛﻘ ﺎً أﺳـﻮد وﻗـــ ﺪ ﻧﺠـــﺎ اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓـــﻖ ﻣـــﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـــﺎر وﻟﻜـــﻦ ﻏﻼﻓـــﮫ اﻟــــﺠﻮي أﺻـــﺒﺢ أﻛـــ اﻧﺘﻔﺎﺧـــﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـــﺔ ﻟـــﺬﻟﻚ واﺳـــﺘﻤﺮ ـ اﻟــــ ﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻀـــــﻐﻮطواﻟـــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓــــﻖ ﻟـــــﮫ ﻓـــــﻲ اﻟــــﺪوران ﺣـــــﻮل ﻌﻀـــــﻬﻤﺎ اﻟــــ ﻌﺾ ـــــﺎن اﻟـــــ ـــــﺚ ﺣ ـ ﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻀـﻐﻮط ﺐﺴـﺤ ﺎﻧﺘﻈـﺎم اﻟﻤـﺎدة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟــ ـ ﺠﻮي اﻟﻤﻨـﺘﻔﺦ ﻟﻶﺧـﺮ وﻗـﺪ ﺷـﻮﻫﺪ ﺗـﺮا ﻢ اﻟﻤـﺎدة ﻫــﺬا ﻓﻲ ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺣﺜ ﻛ ﺘﻘﻠ ﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﻮع ﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰﺣﺮ ﺎت دور ﺔ ﻟﻐﺎزاﻟﻬ ﺪروﺟ . ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ " : ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط ا ﺒﺎﴍ ." اﻟ ﺟـﺎءت ﻔﺮﺻـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ 2022 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻬـﺎوي ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻨـﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺎ ﺑ ﺗـﻮ ﻣﻮﻧﺎرد ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ SN 2022jli ﰲ اﻟﺬراع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ NGC 157 اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ 75 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ . ﺣﻮل ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎن ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼن اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻬﻤـﺎ إﱃ آﺛـﺎ ر ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر ووﺟﺪا أن ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻛ ﺎً .اً ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻳﺘﻼﳽ ﺳﻄﻮع ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮو ر اﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛ ﻳﺮى ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿــﺎً ﺳﻠﺴــﺎً وﺗــﺪرﻳﺠﻴ "ﰲ ﺎً ﻣﻨﺤﻨــﻰ اﻟﻀﻮء " ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺳـﻠﻮك SN 2022jli ﻓ: اً ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪ ﻤﻊ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺴﻄﻮع اﻹﺟﻤﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺪث ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ ذﻟ ﻚ ﻳﺘـﺄرﺟﺢ ﻷﻋـﲆ وﻷﺳـﻔﻞ ﻛـﻞ 12 ﺎً ﻳﻮﻣـ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ﻣﻮر ﻃﺎﻟﺐ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ــ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﻳﻨﺰ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺄﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ، واﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻧﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ " : ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت SN 2022jli ، ﻧﺮى ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻼً ﻣﺘﻜﺮر اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع واﻟﺘﻼﳾ ." أﺷﺎر ﻣﻮر ﰲ ورﻗﺘﻪ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ إﱃ أن " ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓ ﻴﻬﺎ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت دور ﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪار اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺪورات ﰲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺿـﻮء ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ . وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﻣﻮر وﺗﺸ أن وﺟﻮد أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ واﺣـﺪ ﰲ ﻧﻈـﺎم SN 2022jli ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳﻔﴪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻠﻮك . ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ، ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـ ا ﻌﺘﺎد أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺪار ﻣﻊ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋ ﻲ واﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ SN 2022jli ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءً . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻔﺖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم ﻫـﻮ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ ﻗـﺪ ﻧﺠـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ا ـﻮت اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻒ ـ ﻟﺸ ﺮﻳﻜﻪ وﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن اﻟﺠﺴـﻤ ـــ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4