Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

W A direct link between supernovae, neutron stars and black holes by ESO − Bárbara Ferreira hen massive stars reach the end of their lives, they collapse under their own gravity so rapidly that a violent ex- plosion known as a supernova en- sues. Astronomers believe that, after all the excitement of the ex- plosion, what is left is the ultra- dense core, or compact remnant, of the star. Depending on how massive the star is, the compact remnant will be either a neutron star — an object so dense that a teaspoon of its ma- terial would weigh around a trillion kilograms here on Earth — or a black hole — an object from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Astronomers have found many clues hinting at this chain of events in the past, such as finding a neutron star within the Crab Nebula, the gas cloud left behind when a star ex- ploded nearly a thousand years ago. ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 18 ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮات ﻣ ﺎﺷﺮة ﺑ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧ ﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا - اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ إﱃ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ، ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎر ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﻛﺒ ة ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺤﺪث اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻋﻨﻴـﻒ ﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ . ﻳﻌﺘﻘـﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻮن أﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻹﺛـﺎرة اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺣﺪﺛﻬﺎ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر، ﻓﺈن ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺒﻘـﻰ ﻫـﻮ ﻧـﻮاة اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ أو اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا ﻀـﻐﻮﻃﺔ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اً ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﲆ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻳـﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن إﻣﺎ ﻧﺠﻤ ﺎً ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻴـ ﺎً وﻫـﻮ ﺟﺴـﻢ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدﺗـﻪ ﺗﺰن ﺣﻮاﱄ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴـﻮ ن ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﺟﺮام ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻋـﲆ اﻷرض أو ﺛﻘﺒ ﺎً أﺳﻮد وﻫﻮ ﺟﺴـﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟ ﴚء وﻻ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻀﻮء أن ﻳ ﻘـﺪ ﻟ .ﻣﻨﻪ بﺮ ﻬ وﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷدﻟـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸ إﱃ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺣـﺪاث ﰲ ا ﺎﴈ، ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋـﲆ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟ ـ ﴪﻃﺎن وﻫﻲ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﻔﺠﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ أﻟﻒ ﻋﺎم . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4