Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

distance of about 3000 light years (in reality those of Giza would be visible even from over 4500 light years), an interferometric array with a base of several million kilometers would be needed. All in all, a feat not too far beyond a modest Type I civilization like ours. Although Osmanov’s attention is fo- cused on this type of solution, we also cannot exclude that an- other, more technologically de- veloped civilization is already using a “stellar gravitational lens” to search for technosigna- tures on other planets. In 1936, Albert Einstein predicted that light from distant objects seen near the edge of the Sun is de- flected and bent toward a focal “point” about 550 astronomi- cal units (82 billion km or 51 bil- lion miles) away from the Sun itself. If we could place an “eye- piece” where the image comes into focus, we could exploit the lensing effect of our star to ob- serve distant worlds with a res- artificial megastructures. Already in 1993, a mission called FOCAL (acronym for Fast Outgoing Cyclo- pean Astronomical Lens) was pro- posed to the European Space Agency to exploit the potential of the solar gravitational lens, but the idea was not followed up due to the insur- mountable technical difficulties that immediately emerged. Insurmount- able for us earthlings, but perhaps not for others. In conclusion, the answer to Os- manov’s question, whether any alien civilizations technologically more ad- vanced than ours can see us or not, is “probably yes, if their number is high enough for one to exist at dis- tances compatible with the space traveled by light re- flected or emitted by artificial terrestrial objects.” Based on current knowledge, astrobiol- ogists tend to reject this possi- bility and believe that if other technological civilizations ex- ist in the Milky Way, they are likely very rare and very distant from each other. The chances that they can come into con- tact are comparable to those of two swimmers, one swim- ming in the Mediterranean Sea and the other swimming in the Pacific Ocean. In theory, they could meet, but in prac- tice they don’t have enough olution sufficient to recognize energy and time.    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 15 ـــــﻮﻻي ﻧﻴ ﺎرداﺷـــــ ﻒﻣ ﺘﻜـــــﺮﻃﺮ ﻘـــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴـــــ ﻢ ﻣﺴـــــﺘﻮى ﺗﻄـــــﻮراﻟـــــ ـ ﺤﻀﺎرات ـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻨــﺎءً ﻋﻠـﻰﻗــﺪرﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺳـﺘﻐﻼل ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ . اﻟﺘـﺪرج اﻟــﺬ ﻳ ﻤﻞ اﺳﻤﮫ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أدﻧﺎﻩ . رﺳﻢ ﻟﻌﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟـ ـ ﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻲ وﻫـﻲ ﻃﺮ ﻘـﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ــــﺔ ﻻﺳــــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸــــﻤﺲﻛﻌﺪﺳـــــﺔ ﻛﺒــــ ة ﺗو ـ ﻌﺘــــ اﻟـــــ ﺤﻞ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮاﻟﻤ ﺎﺷﺮﻟﻠ ﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﻟﻨ ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻟ ـ ﻠﺤ ﺎة ﺤﺔ ﻟ . ) ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﺠﻴـﺰة ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺰﻳـﺪ ﻋـﻦ 4500 ﺳـﻨﺔ ( ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ذات ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﻋـﺪة ﻣ ﻼﻳـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰات . ﰲ ا ﺠﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا إﻧﺠﺎز ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠـﺎوز ﺑﻜﺜ ﺣﻀﺎرة ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول ﻣﺜﻞ . ﺣﻀ ـﺎرﺗﻨﺎ ﻋــﲆ اﻟ ـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣ ـﻦ أن اﻫﺘﻤــﺎم ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮف ﻳﱰﻛﺰ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠـﻮل، ف ﻳﱰﻛﺰ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻠـﻮل إﻻ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ أﻳﻀـﺎً اﺳـﺘﺒﻌﺎد أن ﺣﻀـﺎرة أﺧـﺮى أﻛﺜ ـﺮ ﺗﻄـﻮر اً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ » ﻋﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴــﺔ « ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻷﺧﺮ ﰲ ى ﻋﺎم 1936 ﺗﻮﻗﻊ أﻟﱪت أﻳﻨﺸـﺘﺎﻳﻦ أن اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺮى ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻨﺤ ـﺮف وﻳﻨﺤﻨــﻲ ﻧﺤ ـﻮ ﻧﻘﻄ ـﺔ " " ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳ ـﺔ ﺗﺒﻌ ـﺪ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 550 ﺪة وﺣ ـ ) ﻓﻠﻜﻴــﺔ 82 ﻣﻠﻴ ـﺎر ﻛﻴﻠ ـﻮﻣﱰ أو 51 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﻣﻴﻞ ( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﺈذا ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣـﻦ وﺿـﻊ » ﻋﺪﺳـﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﺔ « ﺣ ﻴﺚ ﻳـﺘﻢ اﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺰ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺼـﻮرة، ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﺘﺄﺛ اﻟﻌﺪﳼ ﻟﻨﺠﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌـﺮف ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛـﻞ اﻻﺻـﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗـﺔ . ﰲ ﻋــﺎم 1993 ﺗـﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ اﻗــﱰاح ﻣﻬﻤــﺔ ﺗﺴــﻤﻰ " ﻓﻮﻛ ـﺎل " ) اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ اﻟ ـ ﴪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺼــﺎدرة ( ﻋـﲆ وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ ﻻﺳــﺘﻐﻼل إﻣﻜﺎﻧــﺎت ﻋﺪﺳــﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴــﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼل إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻜ ـﻦ اﻟﻔﻜ ـﺮة ﻟ ـﻢ ﺗ ـﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬــﺎ ﺑﺴــﺒﺐ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻠـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻇﻬـﺮت ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻔـﻮر . ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺤـﻦ أﺑﻨـﺎء اﻷرض وﻟﻜﻦ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺨﺘﺎم، ﻓﺈن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺆال ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻧﻮف ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك أي ﺣﻀﺎرات ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣــﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ـﺖ ﻫﻨـﺎك أي ﺣﻀــﺎرات ًﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻘـﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀـﺎرﺗﻨﺎ ﻳﻤ ﻜﻨﻬـﺎ رؤﻳﺘﻨﺎ أم ﻻ، ﻫﻲ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻧﻌـﻢ إذا ﻛـﺎن ﺎ ﻋﺪدﻫ ﺎً ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳﻜﻔـﻲ ﻟﻮﺟـﻮد ﺣﻀــﺎرة واﺣــﺪة ﻋــﲆ ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ـﻨﻌﻜﺲ أو ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜ ـﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ . ﺑ ﻨـﺎءً ﻋـﲆ ا ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﻳﻤﻴـﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ إﱃ رﻓﺾ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻳﻌﺘﻘـﺪون أﻧـﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻀﺎرا ت ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ﰲ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎدرة اً ﺟﺪ وﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ اً ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ . زازا ﻋﺜﻤـــﺎﻧﻮفﻣﺆﻟــــﻒ اﻟﻤﻘــــﺎل ﻓــــﻲ ﻣﺠﻠـــﺔ Acta Astronautica واﻟﺬ ﻗﺎل ـﮫ ﻓ ـﺔ ﺑﺈﻣ ﺎﻧ ـﺔ اﻷرﺿـ ﺔ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟ ﺼـﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨ اﻷوﻟـﻰ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺣﻀــﺎرات أﻛــ ﺗﻘــﺪﻣ ﺎً ــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺣﻀــﺎرﻨﺎ ــﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣ اﻟﻀﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻀﻌﺔ آﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4