Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

such as the largest Egyptian and Mayan pyramids. But what instruments should that hypothetical civiliza- tion possess to distinguish details of a few hundred or even tens of meters here on Earth? According to Os- manov, the best solution to detect our greatest and oldest engineering works from so far away would be the (rather obvious) one − to collect the sunlight re- flected by them. A Type II civilization could achieve this by building titanic tele- scopes with very high an- gular resolution, combined with interferometric sys- tems. In astronomy, the interferometric technique uses two or more single telescopes, often very dis- tant from each other, to si- multaneously observe the same celestial object; the data acquired by each in- strument is then combined and processed. By doing so, the resulting angular resolution is that of a sin- gle telescope with a diam- eter comparable to the distance separating the in- dividual instruments. Os- manov calculated that to be able to distinguish the shape of the largest pyra- mids of antiquity from a ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 14 ﺗـﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ ؤﻫـﺎ ﻣﻨـﺬ 1000 إﱃ 3000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻀﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ أﻛﱪ اﻷ ﻫﺮاﻣـﺎت ا ﴫﻳﺔ وأﻫﺮاﻣﺎت ا ﺎﻳﺎ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣـﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻷدوات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻻﻓﱰاﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﺑﻀـﻊ ﻣﺌـﺎت أو ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻋﴩات اﻷﻣﺘﺎر ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻷرض؟ و ﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮف ﻓﺈن أﻓﻀـﻞ ﺣـﻞ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﻋﻈـﻢ وأﻗـﺪم أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨـﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻫـﻮ اﻟﺤﻞ ) اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ( ﻟﺠﻤـﻊ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ا ـﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻀـﺎرة اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎ ت ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ذات دﻗـﺔ زاوﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪ اً ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺑﻨﺎء أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪا .ﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ، ﺗﺴـﺘﺨﺪم ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﺛﻨ أو أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﺮدﻳـﺔ، ﻏﺎﻟﺒًـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﻴـﺪة ﺟـﺪًا ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﺎ ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﺴـﻤﺎوي ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ دﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛـﻞ أداة وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬـﺎ وﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب واﺣـﺪ ﺑﻘﻄﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﺑ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ . ﺑ ﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮف أﻧﻪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻗـﺎدرًا ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻤﻴﻴـﺰ ﺷـﻜﻞ أﻛ ـﱪ اﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 3000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ـــــﻮﻻي ﻧﻴ ﺎرداﺷـــــ ﻒﻣ ﺘﻜـــــﺮﻃﺮ ﻘـــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴـــــ ﻢ ﻣﺴـــــﺘﻮى ﺗﻄـــــﻮراﻟـــــ ـ ﺤﻀﺎرات ـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﻨــﺎءً ﻋﻠـﻰﻗــﺪرﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺳـﺘﻐﻼل ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ . اﻟﺘـﺪرج اﻟــﺬ ﻳ ﻤﻞ اﺳﻤﮫ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أدﻧﺎﻩ . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 4