Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Zaza Osmanov, professor of physics at the Free University of Tbilisi, Geor- gia. In a recent article published in Acta Astronautica , entitled “Are we visible to advanced alien civiliza- tions?”, Osmanov extends to about 3000 light years the dis- tance within which the presence of human be- ings could be detected through “simple” tele- scopic observation. Osmanov writes: “We considered the question of how our artificial constructions are visible to advanced extrater- restrial civilizations. Tak- ing the universality of the laws of physics, we found that the maxi- mum distance where the detection is possible is of the order of 3000 ly and under certain conditions, Type-II advanced alien so- cieties might be able to resolve this problem.” If we want to take Os- manov’s arguments into consideration, we must accept the hypothesis that, in the sphere of space with a radius of 3000 light years surrounding us, there exists at least one Type II civilization. But what is a Type II civilization? Exactly 60 sphere of space hav- ing that radius there are approximately 60,000 stars (80% of which are a priori un- suitable to host life as we know it), even the most optimistic re- searchers consider the existence of another technological civiliza- tion in such a small volume (compared to the entire Milky Way) to be highly unlikely. We would therefore be led to believe that no one is watching us from out there. This conclusion, neverthe- less, is not shared by اﻟﻤﻘـــﺪﻣﺎت واﻟﺼــــﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ـــﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺳــــﺎﻟﺘ اﻟﻘـﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﺎ ﺑ اﻟﻠﺘ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺘ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺘ اﻟﺴــــــﺎدسﻋﺸــــــ ــــــﺪة ــــــﺔ ﺟﺪ ﺮواﻟﺴــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸــــــﺮرؤ ﻟﻠﻌــﺎﻟﻢ وﻗﻠﻠــﺖ ﻣــﻦ ــﺔ أﻫﻤ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ــﺔ اﻷرض ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣ ا ﺪ . ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﱃ أﻧـﻪ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮه ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 60 أﻟـﻒ ﻧﺠـﻢ )80 ٪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ ﺎً ﻻﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻬــﺎ ( ﻓﺤﺘــﻰ أﻛﺜــﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﺗﻔﺎؤﻻً ﻳﻌﺘﱪون وﺟـــــﻮد ﺣﻀـــــﺎرة ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺔ أﺧــﺮى ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ . ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺠـﻢ اﻟﺼﻐ ) ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ أﻣﺮ ( ﻏ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒـ . وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻨﻘﻮد إﱃ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺄن ﻻ أﺣـﺪ ﻳﺮاﻗﺒﻨـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻫـﺬا اﻻﺳﺘ ﻨﺘﺎج ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎرﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ زازا ﻋﺜﻤــﺎﻧﻮف أﺳـــﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـــﺎء ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـــﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﴘ اﻟﺤﺮة ﺑﺠﻮرﺟﻴﺎ . ﺗﺒﻠﻴﴘ اﻟﺤﺮة ﺑﺠﻮر ﻴ . ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎل ﻧﴩ ﻣﺆﺧﺮا ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Acta Astronautica ﺑﻌﻨـﻮان ﻫـﻞ " ﻧﺤــﻦ ﻣﺮﺋﻴــ ﻮن ﻟﻠﺤﻀــﺎرات اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ؟ " ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻧﻮف إﱃ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 3000 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻫـﻲ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ــــــــــــ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف وﺟﻮد اﻟﺒﴩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ا ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﻴﺔ " اﻟﺒﺴـﻴﻄﺔ ." ﻳﻜﺘـﺐ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻧﻮف : ﻟﻘﺪ " أﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﰲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ رؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﺧـﺎرج ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ اﻷرض ﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻠﻨﺎ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴ ﺔ وﺑﺄﺧـﺬ ﻋﺎ ﻴـﺔ ﻗـﻮاﻧ ــــ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء وﺟﺪﻧﺎ أن اﻟﺤـﺪ ـ اﻷﻗ ﴡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻫـﻮ ﺣﻮاﱄ 3000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜــــﻮن ا ﺨﻠﻮﻗــــﺎت اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋـﲆ ﺣـﻞ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺸـﻜﻠﺔ إذا . أردﻧــﺎ أن ﻧﺄﺧــﺬ ﺣﺠــﺞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮف ﻓﻴﺠـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ ﻗﺒـــﻮل ﻓﺮﺿـــﻴﺔ ﰲ أن اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮه 3000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻀﺎرة واﺣﺪة ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع اﻟﺜـﺎﻧﻲ . وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﻟﺤﻀـﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ؟