Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2023 ARABIC VERSION

nucleus in the system,” said Treister. “And ALMA showed us the exact lo- cation of these two growing, hungry supermassive black holes. All of these data together have given us a clearer picture of how galaxies such as our own turned out to be the way they are, and what they will become in the fu- ture.” So far, scientists have mostly studied only the earliest stages of galaxy mergers. The new research could have a profound im- pact on our under- standing of the Milky Way Galaxy’s own im- pending merger with the nearby Androm- eda Galaxy. Koss said, “The Milky Way-An- dromeda collision is in its very early stages and is predicted to lion years. What we’ve just studied is a source in the very final stage of collision, so what we’re seeing presages that merger and also gives us insight into the connection be- tween black holes merging and growing and eventually producing gravitational waves.” “This fascinating discovery shows the power of ALMA and how multi- wavelength astronomy can generate important results that expand our understanding of the universe, including black holes, active galactic nuclei, gal- axy evolution and more,” says Joe Pesce, NSF program director for the Na- tional Radio Astron- omy Observatory. “With the advent of gravitational wave detectors, we have an opportunity to ex- pand our observa- tional powers even further by combining all these capabilities. I don’t think there’s really a limit to what occur in about 4.5 bil- we can learn.”    اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ . ﻛﺸﻔﺖ أرﺻـﺎد اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻧﻮاة ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ، " ﻗﺎل ﺗﺮﻳﺴﱰ " . وأﻇﻬـﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ا ﻮ ( أ ﺎ) ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻗﻊ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ا ﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﻌـﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ . اﻋﻄﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬه أﻋﻄﺘﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣﻌًﺎ ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤــﻮل ا ﺠــﺮات ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ وﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺘﺼـﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﰲ ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ، درس اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ـﺎء ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ ـﺐ ﻓﻘـﻂ ا ﺮاﺣـﻞ اﻷوﱃ ﻣــﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻧ ﺪﻣﺎج ا ﺠـﺮات . ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛ ﻋﻤﻴـﻖ ﻋـﲆ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﻧـﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻮﺷـﻴﻚ ﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻗـﺎل ﻛـﻮس ، " اﺻـﻄﺪام ﻣﺠـــﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـــﺔ . ــــــ وأﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠـﻪ ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﻣـﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺤﺪث ﰲ ﺣﻮاﱄ ٤.٥ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ . درﺳﻨﺎه ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر ﰲ ا ﺮ ﺣﻠﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ، ﻟﺬا ﻓﺈن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﻳﻨﺬر ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج وﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨـﺎ أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻧﻈـﺮة ﺛﺎﻗﺒـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ﺑـ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺪﻣﺞ وﺗﻨﻤﻮ وﺗﻨـﺘﺞ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺎت " ﻳُﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﻗﻮة ( أ ﺎ) ﻣﺮﺻﺪ وﻛﻴـﻒ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻌﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ أن ﻳﻜﱠ ﻮن ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺳـﻊ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻜـﻮن ، ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ، وﻧﻮاة ا ﺠـ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء وﻧـﻮى ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ وﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠﺮات وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ " ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺟﻮ ﺑﻴﺴﻚ ، ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴ ـــﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟ ـﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻌﻠ ـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ اﻟﺮادﻳــﻮي ﻣــﻊ ". ﻇﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﺷﻔﺎت ا ﻮﺟـﺎت ﺘاﻟ ﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ ﻟ ـﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﺮﺻ ـﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺳــﻴﻊ ﻗ ـﻮى ا ﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﻛـﱪ ﻣـ ﻦ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﺠﻤ ـﻊ ﺑــ ﻛــﻞ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻘﺪرات ﻻ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻫﻨﺎك اي ﺣـﺪودا ـﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ أن ﻧﻀـﻴﻔﻪ ﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺎ . ـــــ ــــــ ُﻈﻬﺮﻫﺬا اﻟﻔ ﺪﻳﻮ رﺳﻤًﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤ ًﺎ وﺻﻮرًا ﻣﻦ ALMA أﺳﻮدﻳﻦ ﺘﻨﺎوﻻن اﻟﻌﺸـﺎء ﻣﻌًـﺎ ﻟﺜﻘﺒ و ﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎن ﺸﺮاﻫﺔ أزاﺣﻬـﺎ اﻻﺻـﻄﺪام اﻟﻐ ﺎر واﻟﻐﺎزواﻟﻤـﻮاد اﻷﺧـﺮى اﻟـ . [ALMA (ESO / NAOJ / NRAO) ، M. Koss et al (Eureka Scientific) ، S. Dagnello (NRAO / ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٥٠ ﻣﺎرس أﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2023 زوج ﻣـــــــــــــــــــــــــﻦ اﻟﻤﺠـــــــــــــــــــــــــﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺪﻣﺠــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓــــــــــــﺔ ﺎﺳــــﻢ UGC 4211 ﺗــــــﺆويﺳﻠﺴــــــﻠﺔ واﺣــــــﺪة : ﻛﺒــــ ة زوج ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﺜﻘــــﻮب ﺗﺘﻐــــــــﺬ اﻟﺴــــــــﻮداء اﻟــــــــ ﻣﻌًــــــــــــــﺎ ، ﺗﻠــــــــــــــﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﻐـــــــــــــــﺎز ــــــــــــﺎرﻣــــــــــــﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻬــــــــــــﺎ واﻟﻐ . اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء وأﻛــﺪوا وﺟـــــﻮد اﻟﺰوﺟـــــ ـ اﻟﻠــــــــﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻔﺼﻞ ﺑ ﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻮى ـــﺔ وﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮ ﺎت ﻋـــﺪة ﻣﺸــــﺎر ﻊ ﺑﺤﺜ : ــــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــــﺔ ﻣﺴـــﺢ ) ـﺎم د ( اﻟﻤﺜ ﺘـﮫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ﻼﻧﻄـﻮ ﻘ ﻄـﺮ 4 أﻣﺘـﺎرﻓـﻲﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﻛــﺮو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟـــﻮ ﻓــﻲ ﺗﺸـــ ﻠﻲ ، اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸــﻒ اﻟﻄ ﻔـــﻲﻣﺘﻌــﺪد اﻟﻮﺣـــﺪات ( ﻣــــﻮس) ــــﺖ اﻟﻤﺜ اﻟ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــــ ﺟــــﺪًا ﺎﻟﻤﺮﺻــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــــﻲ اﻟــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ، وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ــﻚ ﻛ ، ﻣﺼــﻔﻮفﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣــﺎ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤــ ي ﺗﺤـﺖ / اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ي اﻟﻜﺒ أﻟﻤﺎ ) .( ـــﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـــﺪدة اﻟﻌﻠﻤـــﺎء ـــﺄﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟ ـــﺔ اﻟﻤﺠــﺮات ﺳـــﺎﻋﺪتﻣﺮاﻗ ﻋﻠـــﻰ رؤ ﺔ أن ﻫﻨﺎك أﻛـ ﻣـﻦ اﻧـﺪﻣﺎج ﻳﺤـﺪث ﺑـ اﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋﻴ ] . ALMA (ESO / NAOJ / NRAO) ، M. Koss et al (Eureka Scientific [( )٧٥٠ ( ﺳـــــــــــــﻨﺔ ﺿـــــــــــــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻣ ـــــــــــــــ أرﺻ ﻊ ـــــــــــــــــ ﺎد ﻣـــــــــــــﻦ ــــــــ