Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2023 ARABIC VERSION

the necessary environmental condi- tions and resources are not available for birds during migration or on ar- rival at their destination. Only the most ignorant human be- ings can think that artificial light is only progress and not even a prob- lem that needs to be curbed as much as possible. Unfortunately, ignorance generates more ignorance, as de- monstrated by the famous case of the 6.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Los Angeles on January 17, 1994, at 4:30 in the morning. The tremors woke the population, who discovered that a blackout had hit the whole city. Plenty of people ran out of their homes and began to look around. It was strangely dark, no streetlights and few cars at that late hour. They raised their eyes to the sky and distinctly saw things never no- ticed, in particular a long ethereal and white-ish trail that overlooked the city. Frightened by that ominous presence, many witnesses called 911. They had never seen the Milky Way before that night. To acquire a greater awareness of the intensity and distribution of light pollution that afflicts our planet, we advise all readers to view the interactive maps made available by the Kyba team: www.lightpollu- tionmap.info and lighttrends.light- pollutionmap.info.    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ١١ ـﺪأ ﻤ ﻟـﻚ وﻋﻤﻠـﻚ ا : ﻣﻤﺎرﺳـﺎت اﻹﺿـﺎءة اﻟـ ـ ﺑﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺗ ﻛـﻦ ﻗـﺪوة ﻳﺤﺘـﺬ ـ . ﺠ ﺪة ــﺐ ﺿـﻊ ﻣ ﻟـﻚ ﺎﻟ أوﻻً . ـــــﻞ ـــــﺎن إذا ﺷـــــﺨﺺﺳـــــﻴ ﻘﻲ ﺑ ﺴـــــﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﻀـــــﻮء ﻋﻠـــــﻰﻣﻤﺘﻠ ﺎﺗـــــﮫ اﻟـــــ ـ ﺨﺎﺻﺔ ، ﻓـــــﺈن ﻣﺸـــــﺎ ﻞ اﻟﺘﻠـــــﻮث اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲﺳﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ إﻟﻰﺣﺪ ﻛﺒ ] . ﻓﻨﺪق ﻟ ﻤﺒ ﺎ ، ﻓﻮر د ﻔ ﺲ، ﺗﻜﺴﺎس - ﻣ ﻤ ﺔ داركﺳ ﺎي [ ا ﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠـﻮث اﻟﻀـﻮﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻓﺼـﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء أن ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻬﺠﺮة ﰲ وﻗﺖ أﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮا ع اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌـﺮض ﻟﻠﻀـﻮء اﻻﺻـﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ وﻫـﻲ ﻣﺸـﻜﻠﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻈـﺮوف اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ وا ﻮارد ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﻴﻮر أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻬﺠـﺮة أو ﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﱃ وﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ . ﻓﻘﻂ أﻛﺜـﺮ اﻟﻨـﺎس ﺟﻬــﻼً ﻳﻤﻜــﻨﻬﻢ اﻻﻋﺘﻘــﺎد ﺑــ ﺄن اﻟﻀــﻮء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﺪم وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎج إﱃ ﻛﺒﺤﻬﺎ ﻗﺪر اﻹﻣﻜﺎن إن . اﻟﺠﻬﻞ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺰﻳﺪًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻬ ة ـــــ ﻟﻠﺰﻟﺰال اﻟﺬي ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻗﻮﺗـﻪ ٦.٧ درﺟـﺔ واﻟـﺬي ﴐب ﻟﻮس أﻧﺠﻠﻮس ﰲ ١٧ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ١٩٩٤ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ٤:٣٠ ﺻﺒﺎﺣًﺎ أﻳﻘﻈﺖ اﻟﻬﺰات اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ا ﻛﺘﺸﻔﻮا أن اﻧﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎﺋﻲ أﺻﺎب ا ﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ، ﻫﺮب اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣــــﻦ ﻣﻨــــﺎزﻟﻬﻢ وﺑــــﺪءوا ﻳﻨﻈــــﺮو ن ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﺖﻛﺎﻧـ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤـ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ وﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك أﺿﻮاء ﻟﻠﺸﻮارع وﻗﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ا ﺘﺄ ،ﺧﺮة رﻓﻌـﻮا أﻋﻴﻨﻬﻢ إﱃ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ورأو ا ﺑﻮﺿـﻮح أﺷـﻴﺎء ﻟـﻢ ﺗُﻼﺣﻆ أﺑﺪًا وﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﴍﻳـﻂ أﺑـﻴﺾ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ ﻳﻄﻞ ﻋﲆ ا ﺪﻳﻨﺔ وﺑﺴـﺒﺐ اﻟ ﺨـﻮفً ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ـــــــ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ اﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸـﻬﻮد ﺑـﺎﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮوا ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًـﺎ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠ . ﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧـﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻧﻨﺼﺢ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ : www.lightpollutionmap.info www.lighttrends.lightpollutionmap.info ـــــــﺔ ﻣﺴـــــــﺘﻮ ﺎتﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟﺘﻠـــــــﻮث اﻟﻀـــــــﻮﺋﻲ ﺛﻤﺎﻧ . ـــــــﺔ ﻮﻛ اﻟــــــــﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻤﺜﻠـــــــﺔ ﻓـــــــﻲ اﻟﺸـــــــﺮاﺋﺢ ﻣـــــــﻦ ١ إﻟـــــــﻰ ٨ ــــــــــﺎس ﺑﻮر ــــــــــﻞ ﻋﻠــــــــــﻰﻣﻘ . ــــــــــﺎس ﺑﻮر ًــــــــــﺎ ﻣــــــــــﺎ ﺴــــــــــﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺼــــــــــﻮرون اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــــــــــﻮن ﻣﻘ ﻏﺎﻟ ــــــــــﺎس ــــــــــﻞ ﻟﻘ ) ﺳـــــــﻄﻮع أو ﺟـــــــﻮدة ( ـــــــﺎﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻀـــــــﻮﺋﻲ ﺳـــــــﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـــــــﻞ ﻓ ﻤـــــــﺎ ﺘﻌﻠـــــــﻖ . ﻫﻨـــــــﺎك ﺗﺴـــــــﻌﺔ ﻣﺴـــــــﺘﻮ ﺎت ـــــــﺎس ﻋﻠـــــــﻰﻣﻘ ﺑﻮر ـــــــﻞ ) اﻟﻔﺌـــــــﺎت ١-٩ ( ـــــــﺚ ﺗﻤﺜـــــــﻞ اﻟﻔﺌـــــــﺔ ، ﺣ ٩ أﻗﺼـــــــﻰﻗـــــــﺪرﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟﺘﻠـــــــﻮث اﻟﻀـــــــﻮﺋﻲ . اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮ ﺎتﻣﻦ ١ إﻟﻰ ٥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮ ﺔ ﻟﺮؤ ﺔ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ . ﻣﺎرس أﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2023