Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2023 ARABIC VERSION

The view of the starry sky, a unifying human legacy over thousands of years, has been all but lost to most people now living in urban and sub- urban settings. It is estimated th at over 80% of the world’s population lives in an urban environment that is so illuminated by artificial light as to have negative effects their health: sleep disturbances, obesity, diabetes and some types of cancer. The lights we have installed in our homes and along the streets have altered the circadian rhythm of many people, who sleep for less time and less deeply. Even short periods of expo- sure to very dim light can reduce melatonin concentrations in our seasonal behaviors by disrupting biological clocks. Birds exposed to light pollution at their wintering sites can begin migration earlier than species that are not exposed to artificial light, a major problem if ﺧﺮﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﺗـﻢ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒﻋﻨﻬـﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟـ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻮﻣﻲ ، ﻓـﻲﻋـﺎم ٢٠٢١ . ﻋﻠــــــــــــــﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗـــــــــــــــﻊ اﻹﻟﻜ وﻧـــــــــــــــﻲ www.lightpollutionmap.info ﻣــــــﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜـــــــﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋـــــــﻞ ﻣــــــﻊ ﻫـــــــﺬﻩ اﻟـــــــ ـ ﺨﺮﻄﺔ واﺧﺘ ﺎر ﺧ ﺎرات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺗـ ﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨـﺎﻇﺮﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم . إ ن ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ا ﺮﺻﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻫﻮ إرث ﺑﴩي ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى آﻻف اﻟﺴﻨ ، ﻗﺪ ﺿﺎع ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸـﻮن اﻵن ﰲ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﴬﻳﺔ ﺑﻞ وﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺤﴬﻳﺔ . ﺗﺸ اﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮات إﱃ أن أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ٨٠ ﻦ ٪ ﻣـ ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﴬﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣﻀﺎءة ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻮء اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ آﺛﺎر ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﺻـﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﺿـﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻨـ ﻮم واﻟﺴـﻤﻨﺔ واﻟﺴــﻜﺮي وﺑﻌـﺾ أﻧـﻮاع اﻟﴪﻃﺎن . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏ ت اﻷﺿﻮاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺼـﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻨﺎ وﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﻮارع إﻳﻘﺎع اﻟﺴـ ﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨـﺎس ا ﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻮن ﻟﻮﻗﺖ أﻗﻞ وﺑﻌﻤـﻖ أﻗـﻞ ﺑـﻞ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻟﻔـﱰات اﻟﻘﺼ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻀﻮء اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺰات ا ﻴﻼﺗـﻮﻧ ﰲ أﺟﺴ ـﺎﻣﻨﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻨﺼ ـﻒ ؛ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ـﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ إﻫﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ أن ا ﻴﻼﺗـﻮﻧ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻌـﺐ ﻓﻘـﻂ دورًا ﺣﻴﻮﻳًـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺤﻔـﺎظ ﻋـﲆ دورات اﻟﻨﻮم واﻻﺳﺘﻴﻘﺎظ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ أﻳﻀًﺎ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻀﺎدا ت اﻷﻛﺴﺪة اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ . ﻣـﻊ اﻧﺨﻔـﺎض ﻣﺴـﺘﻮﻳﺎت ا ﻴﻼﺗﻮﻧ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻧﻮﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻴﻖ وﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﺪرﺗﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﺔ ا ﺮض وﻟﻴﺲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ ﻧﻲ ﻳﻌ ـﺎ ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠ ـ ﻮث اﻟﻀ ـﻮﺋﻲ ﺑ ـﻞ ﺣﺘ ـﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺠـﺪ ﻧﻔﺴ ـﻬﺎ ﻣﺠــﱪة ﻋ ـﲆ ﺗﻐﻴــ ﻋﺎداﺗﻬــﺎ أو ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻬﺎ . ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻀﻮ ﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﻮق ﻣﻼ ﻳ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ا ﻬﺎﺟﺮة ﻟﺘﻠﻮث ﺿـﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳـﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺆﺛﺮ وﻫﺞ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻮﻗﻴـﺖ اﻟﻬﺠـﺮات واﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ا ﻮﺳﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﺧـﺮى ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﻴـﻮر ا ﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮث ــــ ﻗﺒﻞ أﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ١٠٠ ـ ﻋـﺎم ـﺎن اﻟـ ﺎن ﺑﺈﻣ ـ ـﺔ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮﻷﻋﻠـﻰورؤ ـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺮاﺋﻌـﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺻـﻌﺔ . اﻵن ﻟــﻦ ﻳــﺮ ى اﻷﻃﻔـــﺎل ﺣــﻮل اﻟﻌــﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺠـــﺮة ﻣﻼﻳــ ـــﺚ ﻌ ﺸــﻮن ــﺪًا ﺣ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــﺔ أ . إن ز ــﺎدة اﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻀـــﻮء اﻻﺻــــﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲواﻧﺘﺸـــﺎرﻩ ﻓــــﻲ اﻟ ـــﻮن ﻓﺤﺴــــﺐ ﻠﻴـــﻞ ﻻ ﻀــــﻌﻒ ﻧﻈﺮﻨــــﺎ ﻟﻠ ﺑـــﻞ ﻳــــﺆﺛﺮﺳـــﻠ ًﺎ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻨــــﺎ وﺳﻼﻣﺘﻨ ﺎ واﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﺻﺤﺘﻨﺎ ] . اﻟﺮا ﻄﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ [ ﻣﺎرس أﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2023