Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

The Sombrero galaxy is around 30 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Virgo. Stunning images like this, and an array of discoveries in the study of exoplanets, galaxies through time, star formation, and our own Solar System, are still just the beginning. Recently, scientists from all over the world converged— virtually—toapplyforobservation time with Webb during its fourth year of science operations, which begins in July 2025. GeneralObservertimewithWebbis more competitive than ever. A record-breaking 2377 proposals were submitted by the 15 October 2024 deadline, requesting about 78,000 hours of observation time. Thisisanoversubscriptionrate,the ratiodefiningtheobservationhours requested versus the actual time availableinoneyearofWebb’sop- erations,ofaround9to1.Thepro- posalscoverawidearrayofscience topics, with distant galaxies being amongthemostrequestedobserva- tiontime,followedbyexoplanetat- mospheres, stars and stellar popu- lation,thenexoplanetsystems.     JANUARY-FEBRUARY2025 ﺗﻘــﺎرن ﻣﻨﻈــﺮﻣﺠــﺮة ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺑــ ﺳــﻮﻣ ﺮو ﻓــﻲﺿــﻮء اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ ـ اﻟــــــ ﻤﺮاء ا ﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳــــــﻄﺔ أﻋﻠـــــــﻰ ) ( واﻟﻀــــــﻮء اﻟﻤﺮــــــﻲ ) أﺳـــــــﻔﻞ .( ﻜﺸــــــﻒﺟﻬـــــــﺎز اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ( ﻣ ي) ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ﻋــــﻦ اﻟﻘــــﺮص اﻟــــﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﻷﻣﻠــــﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠــــﺮة ﺑ ﻨﻤــــﺎ ﺗُﻈﻬــــﺮﺻــــﻮرة اﻟﻀــــﻮء اﻟﻤﺮــــﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻜﺒ واﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻔﺎخ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰيﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم . ﺗﻮﺿـﺢ ﺻــﻮرﺎ ﻫﺎﺑــﻞ ﻓــﻲ ﺸــ ﻞ ــﺎراﻟـﺬ ـﺐ اﻟﻄﺒ ﻌــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺘﻠــﺔ ﻟﻠﻐ ﻧﻄـﺎق اﻟﻮ ـاﻟ ـ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﺮة ﺳﻮﻣ ﺮو . ] NASA,ESA,CSA,STScI,HubbleHeritageTeam(STScI/AURA [( ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳـﻮﻣﱪﻳﺮو ﺣـﻮاﱄ 30 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻌـﺬراء . اﻟﺼ ـﻮر ا ﺬﻫﻠ ـﺔ ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻫ ـﺬه وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ـﺔ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﰲ دراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ وا ﺠـﺮات ﻋـﱪ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ وﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم وﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال ﻣﺠـﺮد اﻟﺒﺪاﻳـﺔ . ﻣﺆﺧﺮًا اﺟﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ أﻧﺤـﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ - اﻓﱰاﺿﻴ - ﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪم ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺧـﻼل ﻋﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ، واﻟـﺬي ﻋﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ واﻟـﺬي ﻳﺒﺪأ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ 2025 وﻗ ﺖ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣ ﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣـﻦ أي وﻗـﺖ ﻰـ ﻣﻀـ وﻛـﺮﻗﻢ ﺗ ـﻢ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ 2377 ﻃﻠﺒـﺎً ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ا ﻮﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ 15 أﻛﺘـﻮﺑﺮ 2024 وﻃﻠﺐ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 78000 رﺻـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ وﻫـﺬا ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت ا ﺮﺻﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ا ﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ إﱃ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺮﺻـﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ا ﺘﺎح ﺣـﻮاﱄ 9 إﱃ 1. ي ﻋﺎم واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ـ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﻫـﺪاف ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻃﻤﻮﺣـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻃﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺠ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﻌـﺪ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺑ أﻛﺜﺮ أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ا ﻄﻠﻮ ﺑﺔ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﻏﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ واﻟﻨﺠـﻮم واﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـ ﺛـﻢ أﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء ﻧﻈـﺮ ة أﻋﻤـﻖ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮن . - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 5