Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

R 40 IAC and NASA detect a “baby planet” around a nearby star byIAC FelipeMurgas Enric Pallé researchersattheInstitutode Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) in collaborationwithotherenti- ties,suchasNASA,havemanagedto detect the youngest planet ever found,usingthetechniqueoftran- sits.This“babyplanet”isparadoxi- cally a giant in orbit round a very youngstar.ThePrincipalInvestiga- tor of this finding, which has been published in the journal Nature , is MadysonBarber,oftheUniversityof NorthCarolinaatChapelHill.Other authorsofthearticleincludeFelipe Murgas and Enric Palle of the IAC. The discovery was made using the technique of transits. This works be- causeiftheorbitofaplanetpasses through the line of sight between theEarthanditsstar,everytimethe planetpassesacrossthefaceofthe staritcutsoutasmallproportionof thelightandthisregulardipinthe star’s brightness can be measured. Before this discovery the scientists hadfoundmorethanadozenplan- etsaroundstarswithagesbetween 10 and 40 million years using the methodoftransits.However,using this method younger planets had not been detected, either because suchplanetshadnothadtimeto formcompletely,orbecauseour viewoftheseplanetsisblockedbya residualprotoplanetarydisc,whichis adiscofdensegasanddustthatsur- roundsanewlyformedstar,andfrom whichtheplanetsareformed.Bar- ber,andtheotherscollaboratingin theproject,analyzedthedata fromNASA’sTransitingExo- planetSurveySatellite(TESS) andobservedayoungstar, only3millionyearsold,cata- logued as IRAS 04125+2902, whichisrelativelyneartothe Earth(522lightyearsaway). Thisyoungstar,classifiedas aTTauritype,isintheTau- rus-Auriga star forma- tionregion,and still retains part of the gas and dustofits protoplan- etarydisc aroun d it. In the obser- vations there- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ا ﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻮﻛﺐﺣﺪ ﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦﺣﻮل ﻧ ﻢ ﻗﺮ ﺐ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻣﻮرﺟﺎس ﻓ ﻠﻴ و إﻧﺮﻚ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻔ ﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜ ﺔ ﻓﻲﺟﺰر اﻟﻜﻨﺎري اﺳــﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﺒــﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬــﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰر اﻟﻜﻨـﺎري و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌـﺎون ﻣـﻊ ﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ وﻛ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻣـﻦ رﺻـﺪ اﺣﺪث ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﻮر . إن "ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻫـﻮ " ﻋﻤﻼق ﻳﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟـﻮﻻدة . اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ـ ﴘ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟـﺬي ﻧُﴩ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴـﺘﴩ ﻣﺎدﻳﺴﻮن ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﻮرث ﻛﺎروﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻴﻞ وﻣـﻦ ﺑــ ﻣــﺆﻟﻔﻲ ا ﻘــﺎل اﻵﺧــﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺒــﻲ ﻣﻮرﺟﺎس وإﻧﺮﻳ ﻚ ﺑﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰر اﻟﻜﻨﺎري . ﺗﻢ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﺒـﻮر ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻷ ن ﻣﺪار اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ إذا ﻣﺮ ﻋﱪ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑ اﻷرض وﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ﰲ ﻛـﻞ ﻣﺮة ﻳﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻋﱪ وﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـﻮء وﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض ا ﻨـﺘﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺳـﻄﻮع اﻟﻨﺠﻢ . ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﺸـ ـ ﺮ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺎً ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـﻮم ﺗﱰاوح أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑ 10 و 40 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ـﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ـﺔ اﻟﻌﺒ ـﻮر وﻣــﻊ ذﻟ ـﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳـﺘﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ أﺻـﻐﺮ ﺳـﻨﺎً إﻣـﺎ ﻷن ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻟﻢ ﻳ ﻜـﻦ ﻟـﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻟﺘﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ أو ﻷن رؤﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ـــ ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻘﺮص ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ أوﱄ ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻲ وﻫـﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ واﻟ ﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﺠﻢ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﺸـﻜﻞ واﻟـﺬي ﺗﺸــﻜﻠﺖ ﻣﻨــﻪ اﻟ ﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ ـﻗــ . ﺎم ﺑــﺎرﺑﺮ ـ واﻵﺧ ﺮون ا ﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻮن ﰲ ا ﺸ ـ ﺮوع ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ـ اﻟﺒ ﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣ ﻤﺮ ــ ﻦ ﻗ ــ ﺻﻨـﺎﻋﻲ ﺗـﺎﺑــﻊ ﻟـﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺎ ـ ﻧﺎﺳ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم ﺑ ﺐﻛﻮا ﻟﻜ ﺴﺢ ا ـﻤ اﻟ ﻨﺠـﻤﻴﺔ ـاﻟ ﻌﺎﺑﺮة و ﻗـﺪ رﺻـﺪوا ﺎً ﺠﻤـﻧ ﻤﺮه ـﻋ اً ﻐ ـﺻ 3 ـﻣ ﻼﻳ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻨﻒﺼوا ﺑﺎﺳﻢ IRAS 04125+2902 ﻦ اﻷرض ـﻣ ﺎُ ﻴـﺴﺒ ـﺐ ﻧ ـﺮﻳـﻮ ﻗـوﻫ ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺴﺎﻓـﺔ 522 ﻮﺋﻴﺔ ـ ﻨﺔ ﺿـﺳ ـ اﻟﻨ ﺬا ﻫـ ﺠﻢ اﻟﺸﺎب ا ﺼﻨﻒ ﺿﻤﻦ ) ﺌﺔـﻓ ﺗﻲ اﻟﺜﻮر ـﻳ ( ﻄﻘﺔ ـ ﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ـﺗ ﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ) ﺗﻮروس اورﻳﻐﺎ ( وﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺠﺰء ـاﻟ ﻦ ـﻣ ﻐﺒﺎر ـ ﻐﺎز واﻟ اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ اﻷوﻟ ﻲـ ا ﺤﻴﻂ .ﻪـﺑ ﻋـﺒــﺮ اﻷرﺻــﺎد ﻲــﺘـاﻟ ﺮاﻫﺎ ـ أﺟ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺟﺪوا و أن اﻟ ﻘﺮص 40