Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

“W The first close-up picture of a star outside our galaxy byESO BárbaraFerreira e discoveredan egg- shaped cocoon closelysurrounding the star,” says Ohnaka, the lead au- thor of a study reporting the obser- vations published in Astronomy & Astrophysics . “We are excited be- cause this may be related to the drasticejectionofmaterialfromthe dying star before a supernova ex- plosion.” While astronomers have taken about two dozen zoomed-in im- ages of stars in our galaxy, unveil- ingtheirproperties,countlessother starsdwellwithinothergalaxies,so farawaythatobservingevenoneof them in detail has been extremely challenging. Up until now. The newly imaged star, WOH G64, lies within the Large Magellanic Cloud,oneofthesmallgalaxiesthat orbits the Milky Way. Astronomershaveknownaboutthis starfordecadesandhaveappropri- atelydubbeditthe‘behemothstar’. Witha size roughly 2000times that ofourSun,WOHG64isclassifiedas a red supergiant. Ohnaka’steamhadlongbeeninter- estedinthisbehemothstar.Backin 2005and2007,theyusedESO’sVLTI in Chile’s Atacama Desert to learn moreaboutthestar’sfeatures,and carried on studying it in the years since.Butanactualimageofthestar had remained elusive. For the desired picture, the team hadtowaitforthedevelopmentof oneoftheVLTI’ssecond-generation JANUARY-FEBRUARY2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 4 أولﺻﻮرة ﻣﻘﺮ ﺔ ﻟﻨ ﻢ ﺧﺎرجﻣﺠﺮ ﻨﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا - اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻗﺎل أوﻧﺎﻛﺎ ا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻧﴩـت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ و اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ " : ﻟﻘـﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻨﺎ ﴍﻧﻘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ ﺗﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب و ﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﻮ ن ﻷن ﻫـﺬا ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻘﺬف اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻟ ﻠﻤﻮاد ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺤـ ـ ﺘﴬﻗﺒـﻞ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ." ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺣـﻮاﱄ ﻋﴩـ ﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻜﱪة ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ وﻛﺸـﻔﻮا ﻋﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻓﺈن ﻋﺪد اً ـ ﻻ ﻳـ ﺤﴡ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨ ﺠﻮم اﻷﺧﺮى ﺗﻌﻴﺶ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺮات أﺧﺮى ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ اً ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ واﺣـﺪة ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ . ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮه ﺣـﺪﻳﺜﺎً WOH G64 ﻳﻮﺟﺪ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﻼن اﻟﻜﱪى إﺣـﺪى ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺮف ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﺪة ﻋﻘـﻮد وأﻃﻠ ﻘـﻮا ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﺳـﻢ " اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻼق ﺑ " ﺤﺠـﻢ ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 2000 ﻣـﺮة ﺣﺠﻢ ﺷﻤﺴﻨﺎ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼـﻨ ﻴﻒ WOHG64 ﻋﲆ أﻧﻪ ﻧﺠﻢ أﺣﻤﺮ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ . ﻋﻤﻼق ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ أوﻧﺎﻛـﺎ ﻣﻬﺘﻤـ ﺎ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻓـﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻤـﻼق ﻓ. ﻔـﻲ ﻋـﺎﻣﻲ 2005 و 2007 اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟــﺪاً اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﺻـﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸ ﻴﲇ ﻌﺮﻓـ ﺔ ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﻤﺎت اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ واﺳﺘﻤﺮوا ﰲ دراﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠـﺖ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ ﻇﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة . ﻨﺎل ا ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻮرة ا ﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺘﻈـﺎر ﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ أﺣـﺪ أﺟﻬـﺰة ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً ﻣﻦ ـ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 5 ﺗُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة إﻋــﺎدة ﻨـﺎ ــﺔ ء ﻓﻨ ﻟﻠــﻨ ﻢ WOHG64 أول ﻧ ﻢ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺠﺮﻨـﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧـﺔ ـــــــﺘﻢ ﺗﺼــــــــﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﻋــــــــﻦ ﻗـــــــﺮ . ﻳ ﻌــــــــﺪ ﻫــــــــﺬا اﻟــــــــﻨ ﻢ ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺔ ﺷﺎﺳــﻌﺔ ﺟــﺪاً ﺗﺰ ــﺪ ﻋــﻦ 160 أﻟــﻒﺳــﻨﺔ ﺿــــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓــــﻲﺳــــﺤﺎ ﺔ ﻣــــﺎﺟﻼن اﻟﻜــــ ى . ُﻈﻬــــﺮ ﻫــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠــﻲ ﺳــﻤﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﺮ ﺴــ ﺔ وﻫــﻲ ــــﺎرة ﻋ ــــﺎر ﻋﻠـــــﻰﺷــــ ﻞ ﺑ ﻀـــــﺔ ﺷــــﺮﻘﺔ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻐ ـــــــﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ وﺣﻠﻘـــــــﺔ ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟﻐ ﺗﺤـــــــ ﻂ ـــــــﺎر . ﺘﻄﻠـــــــﺐ وﺟـــﻮد وﺷـــ ﻞ ﻫـــﺬا اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺰ ـــﺪ ﻣـــﻦ اﻷرﺻـــﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ] . ESO/L.Calçada [