Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). They used the James Webb SpaceTelescope(JWST)toobservea sample of galaxies from the Chan- dra X-ray Observatory’s COSMOS legacy survey. This population of galaxies is very bright in the X-ray part of the spectrum, but are invisi- ble in the optical and near-infrared. JWST’suniqueinfraredsensitivityal- lowsittodetectthesefaintcounter- part emissions. LID-568stoodoutwithinthesample foritsintenseX-rayemission,butits exact position could not be deter- mined from the X-ray observations alone,raisingconcernsaboutprop- erlycenteringthetargetinJWST’s field of view. So, rather than using traditional slit spectroscopy, JWST’s instrumentationsupportscientists suggested that Suh’s team use the integral field spectrograph on JWST’sNIRSpec.Thisinstrumentcan getaspectrumforeachpixelinthe instrument’s field of view rather thanbeinglimitedtoanarrowslice. “Owingtoitsfaintnature,thede- tection of LID-568 would be im- possiblewithoutJWST.Usingthein- tegralfieldspectrographwasinno- vative and necessary for getting our observation,” says Emanuele Farina, International Gemini Observatory/ NSFNOIRLabastronomerandco-au- thor of the paper appearing in Na- ture Astronomy . JWST’s NIRSpec allowed the team to getafullviewoftheirtargetandits surrounding region, leading to the unexpected discovery of powerful outflowsofgasaroundthecentral - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 5 ﻟﻘـﺪ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀ ﻲﺎﺋ ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻋﻴﻨـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات ﻣـﻦ ) ﻣﺴـﺢ ﻛﻮزﻣـﻮس ( اﻟـﺬي أﺟـﺮاه ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟ . ﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ إن ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣــﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات ﻓﺎﺋﻘــﺔ اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع ﰲ ﺟـﺰء اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﻴﻒ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ا ﺠﺎل اﻟﺒﴫي واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ . إن اﻟ ﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة ﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻋــﲆ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻫـﺬه اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛ ـﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺮز اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد LID-568 ﺿــﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨ ـﺔ ﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓــﺔ اﻧﺒﻌ ـﺎث أ ﻷﺷــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺪد ﻣـﻦ أرﺻﺎد اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﺣـﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻤـﺎ أﺛـﺎر ا ﺨﺎوف ﺑﺸﺄن ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻬﺪف ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻟﺬا وﻳﺐ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻟﺸﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي . اﻗﱰح اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أن ﻳﺴـﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮ ﻳـﻖ ﺳـﻮه ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ا ﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب . ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻷداة اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻜﺴـﻞ اﻟ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ أن ﴫـ ﺗﻘﺘـ ﻋـﲆ . ﴍﻳﺤﺔ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻘﻮل إﻳﻤﺎﻧﻮﻳﻞ ﻓﺎرﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﺎ ﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻮزاء اﻟﺪوﱄ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ و ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب وا ﺆﻟـﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ ﻧﻴ ــﺘﴩ اﺳــﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ اً ﻧﻈـﺮ ": ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘ ـﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد LID- 568 ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻼً ﺑـﺪون ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وا وﻳﺐ ﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴـ ﺎف ا ﺠـﺎل اﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻣﲇ ﴐوري ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ أرﺻﺎدﻧﺎ وﻗﺪ ﺳـﻤﺢ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ رؤﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺪﻓﻬﻢ وا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﺤ ﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ أدى إﱃ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻏ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺣﻮل اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي .