Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

S Astronomers discover the fastest-feeding black hole in the early Universe by NOIRLab Josie Fenske upermassive black holes existat the center of most galaxies, andmoderntelescopescon- tinue to observe them at surpris- ingly early times in the Universe’s evolution. It’s difficult to under- stand how these black holes were able to grow so big so rapidly. But withthediscoveryofalow-masssu- permassive black hole feasting on material at an extreme rate, seen just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers now have valu- able new insights into the mecha- nismsofrapidlygrowingblackholes in the early Universe. LID-568 was discovered by a cross- institutional team of astronomers led by International Gemini Obser- vatory/NSF NOIRLab astronomer HyewonSuh,partlyfundedbythe ﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام ـــﺐ اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـــﺎ وﻣﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺗﺸـــﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸﺷـــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـــ ﻨ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻧـــﺎت ﻣـــﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺟـــ ﻤﺲو اﻛﺘﺸـــﻒﻓﺮ ـــﻖ ﻣــــﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـــﻚ ﻓــــﻲﻣﺨﺘـــ ﻧــــﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑ ــــﺎت ــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـــﻮم ﺎﻟﻮﻻ ﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴـــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ اﻟﻤﺘﺤــﺪة ﻫــﺬا اﻟﺜﻘــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋــﻞ ﻣـﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﻠــﺔ ﻓــﻲﻣﺮﻛــﺰاﻟﻤﺠــﺮة ﻌــﺪ 1.5 ــﺎر ﻋــﺎم ﻓﻘــﻂﻣــﻦ ﻣﻠ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈ ﻢ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺮا ﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻤﻌﺪل ﻫﺎﺋـﻞ أﻛـ ﻣـﻦ 40 ـ ﺿـﻌﻒ اﻟـ ﺤﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮيوﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻓﺈن " وﻟ ﻤﺔ " ﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴـﺎﻋ ـﻒ ﻧﻤـﺖ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ﺪ ﻓـﻲ ﺗﻔﺴـ ﻛ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻮن اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮ . ] NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J.daSilva/M.Zamani [ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 36 ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻜﺘﺸﻔﻮن أﺳﺮع ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد آ ﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻮن اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮ ﺟﻮ : ﻘﻠﻢ زيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ - ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 5 ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ ﺛﻘﻮب ﺳﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻈ ـﻢ ا ﺠ ـﺮات وﺗﺴ ـﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ـﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ أوﻗـﺎت ﻣﺒﻜـﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﻫﺶ . ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﴪﻋﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜ ﺘﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﲆ ا ـﻮاد ﺑﻤﻌـﺪل ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺟﺪاً ﻗﺪو رﺻﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ 1.5 ﻣ ﻠﻴﺎر ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎر اﻟﻌﻈـﻴﻢ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻟﺪى ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻵن رؤى ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل آﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﴎﻳﻌـﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ . ﺗ ـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻟﺜﻘ ـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد LID-568 ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻔﻠﻜﻴ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻫﻴﻮون ﺳﻮه ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ و ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ .