Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2025 ARABIC VERSION

planet formation are quite robust and can operate even under chal- lenging circumstances,” Huang noted. “This gives us more confi- dencethatplanetsmaybeforming inevenmoreplacesthroughoutthe galaxy, even in regions we previ- ously thought were too harsh.” The findings have implications for understandingtheformationofour ownSolarSystem,whichlikelyevolve dinasimilarlyhigh-radiation environment.Theyalsomotivate futurestudiesofdisksinevenmore extreme stellar neighborhoods. The research team usedALMA’s most extended antenna configura- tiontoobtainunprecedenteddetail in their disk images, achieving a res- olution of about 8 astronomical units.Thisallowedthemtoresolve multiple distinct gaps and rings in several of the disks. Whiletheexactnatureofthesedisk structuresisstilldebated,theyare thoughttobeeitherconduciveto planet formation or a consequence of interactions betweenforming planets and the disk material. This study demonstrates the power of ALMA to probe planet formation in diverse environments across the galaxy. As astronomers build a more complete picture of how planetsformunderdifferentcondi- tions, they come closer to under- standing the origins of Earth and the prevalence of planets around otherstars.    JANUARY-FEBRUARY2025 ﺗﻜﺸـــــــــﻒ اﻟﺼــــــــــﻮر اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ـــﺎت ﻣﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻫﻮاﺋ أﻟﻤـــــــﺎ ) ﻣﺮﺻـــــــﺪ ( ﻋـــــــﻦ ــﺔ ــﻞ ﻗﺮﺻــ ﺔ ﻏﻨ ﻫ ﺎ ﺸــــــــــــ ﻞ اﺳـــــــــــــﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓـــــــــــــــــــــﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﻘـــــــــــــــــــــﻮد . ي ﺳ ﻐﻤﺎ أور [ALMA (ESO/JAO/ NAOJ/NRAO), J.Huanget.al.] ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻳﻤ ﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻇﺮوف ﺔ ﺻﻌﺒ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﰲ أن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ رﺑﻤـﺎ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﰲ أﻣـﺎﻛﻦ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء ا ﺠﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ أﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . إن ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ آﺛﺎر ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸ ﻤﴘـ واﻟﺬي ﻣﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻄﻮ ر ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ذات إﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﺮﺗ ﻔﻊ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻗـﺮاص ﰲ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﺮﻓ . ﺎً ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ أوﺳـﻊ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ــــ ﻫﻮاﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴ ﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺻـﻮر اﻷﻗـﺮاص اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ وﺣﻘﻘﻮا دﻗـﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 8 وﺣـﺪات ) ﻓﻠﻜﻴـﺔ 1,196,782,96 ﻛﻴﻠــﻮﻣﱰ ( وﻟﻘــﺪ ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻬـﻢ ﻫـﺬا ﺑﺤـﻞ ﻓﺠـﻮا ت وﺣﻠﻘـﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺮاص . وﰲ ﺣ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀـﺔ ﻫـﻲ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ ﻧﻘﺎش ﺑ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻳُﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺆدﻣ ﻳــﺔ ﻟﺘﻜــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ أو ﻧﺘﻴﺠـــﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﺑ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ا ﺘﺸـﻜﻠﺔ وﻣـﺎدة ــــ اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ وﺗﻮﺿـﺢ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﻗﺪرة ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ـﺎ اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮي ﻋـﲆ اﺳﺘﻜﺸــﺎف ﺗﺸــﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌــﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﱪ ا ﺠﺮة . ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺒﻨـﺎء ﺻـﻮرة أﻛﺜـﺮ اﻛﺘﻤﺎﻻً وإﺟﺮاء ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﰲ ﻇـﻞ ﻇـﺮوف ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﱰﺑﻮن ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﺸـﻴﺌﺎً ﻣـﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻋﻤﻖ ﺻﻮل ﻷ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ واﻧﺘﺸـﺎر وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷﺧﺮ . ى ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 5