Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2024 ARABIC VERSION

Webb reveals new features in the heart of Milky Way central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. “There’s never been any infrared data on this region with the level of resolution and sen- sitivity we get with Webb, so we are seeing lots of features here for the first time,” said the observation team’s principal investigator Samuel Crowe, an undergraduate student at the University of Virginia in Char- lottesville. “Webb reveals an incred- ible amount of detail, allowing us to study star formation in this sort of environment in a way that wasn’t possible previously.” “The galactic center is the most ex- by NASA/ESA/CSA L. Ramsay & C. Pulliam his image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope shows a portion of the dense center of our galaxy in unprecedented de- tail, including never-before-seen features astronomers have yet to explain. The star-forming region, named Sagittarius C (Sgr C), is about 300 light-years from the Milky Way’s treme environment in our Milky Way galaxy, where current theories of star formation can be put to their most rigorous test, ” added profes- sor Jonathan Tan, one of Crowe’s advisors at the University of Vir- ginia. Amid the estimated 500,000 - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 4 : ﻘﻠﻢ إل راﻣﺰيوﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم و ﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻧﺎﺳﺎ /ﺴﺎ إ/ اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ــــــــــﺐ " " و ﻜﺸــــــــــﻒ ﻋــــــــــﻦ ﻣﻌــــــــﺎﻟﻢ ــــــــﺪة ﻓــــــــﻲ ﺟﺪ ﻗﻠﺐدر اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ وﻟـﻢ ﻳﴩﺣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﻌـﺪ . ﺗﻘـﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺴـﻤﺎة اﻟﻘـﻮس (ﳼ) ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﱄ 300 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮس أ .* ﻗــﺎل ﺻــﺎﻣﻮﻳﻞ ﻛـﺮو اﻟﺒﺎﺣــﺚ ــــــ ﺗُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ا ﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﺟﺰءًا ﻣﻦ ا ﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ـ ﴘﰲ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ا ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ وﻫـﻮ ﻃﺎﻟ ـﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺷﺎرﻟﻮﺗﺴﻔﻴﻞ : " ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨـﺎك أي ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء ﰲ ﻫ ـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘ ـﺔ ﻋ ـﲆ اﻹﻃ ـﻼق ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺪﻗﺔ واﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ اﻟـﺬي ﻧﺤﺼـﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺮى اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ا ﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ." ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﻋـﻦ ﻗـﺪر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ . وأﺿـﺎف اﻟﱪوﻓﻴﺴـﻮر ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛـﺎن ﺗـﺎن أﺣـﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺮو ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓ ﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ " : إن ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ا ﺠـﺮة ﻳﻌﺘـﱪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻨﻔﺎً ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒ ﺎﻧـﺔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤـﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻮم ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﴏاﻣﺔ وﺳﻂ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺪر ﺑ ﺤـﻮاﱄ 500.000 ﻧﺠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻦ