Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2024 ARABIC VERSION

only benefit the environment on a local and global scale, but may also serve as an inspiration to the users of the telescopes and other research facilities. To encourage participa- tion, NOIRLab is working to modify an existing tool for carbon footprint calculations for use across research facilities in the US. “NSF’s NOIRLab is taking a leading role among international observato- ries in adopting more sustainable practices, such as the use of renew- able energy sources, and also taking a close look at how operations can be made more energy efficient,” says Chris Davis, NSF’s Program Di- rector for NOIRLab. With the broader goal of achieving a 50% CO 2 reduction by the end of 2027, NOIRLab’s Environmental Sus- tainability Program also addresses a recommendation made in the Astro2020 report, Pathways to Dis- covery in Astronomy and Astro- physics for the 2020s, which states, “The astronomy community should increase the use of remote observ- ing, hybrid conferences, and remote conferences, to decrease travel im- pact on carbon emissions and cli- mate change.” In response, NOIRLab is committed to reducing funded staff travel by approximately 50% by late 2026. This effort will also free up additional funding to be used to install energy-efficient equipment and solar panels across the facilities. Using additional approved supple- mental funding from the NSF, NOIR- Lab also proposes various other up- grades to the base and summit facil- ities in Arizona and Chile. This in- cludes replacing the very old heat- ing, ventilation, and air conditioning system in the NOIRLab Headquarters building in Tucson. This upgrade is expected to reduce the electricity usage by 690 MWh annually and reduce the carbon footprint from the facility’s electric- ity use by around 300 tons CO 2 equivalent annually. Funding will also cover the replacement of eight gasoline/diesel powered vehicles with electrical vehicles — the first phase of a larger shift to electric ve- hicles across the sites. Other funded projects include the installation of high-efficiency transformers, LED lighting, and energy-efficient data centers at NOIRLab’s facilities in Ari- zona and Chile (similar changes have already been implemented at the Hawai’i facilities). With currently approved funding, NOIRLab will achieve a reduction in its carbon footprint of about 43%. But the efforts will not stop there. Further funding to reach the goal of 50% reduction by 2027 is actively being pursued. These changes, both large and small, will bring NOIRLab closer to a more environmentally sustainable reality, allowing the facilities to continue making breakthroughs in astronomy while caring for our environment. Minimizing environmental impact is not just a possibility, it is a responsi- bility that NOIRLab is committed to act upon.      15 ﺗُﻈﻬـﺮ ـﺪون ﻟﻘﻄــﺎت اﻟﻄــﺎﺋﺮة ــﺎرﻫــﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻈــﺮ ﻃ اً ــ ﺎً ﺟﻮ ﺳــﺎوث ــ ﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ــﺎل اﻷﻧــﺪﻳﺰﻓــﻲ ﻓـﻲﺟ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲ و ﻫـﻮ اﻟﻌﻀـﻮ اﻟـ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮ ﺎت اﻟـ 8.1 ﺗﺸـ ﻞ ﻣﻌـ ﻣـ واﻟـ ﺎً ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟ ﻤ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲوﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ ﺘ ﻟﻤﺨ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ـﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ أﻧـﻚ ــ ﻗـﺪ ﺗــﺮﻂ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮ ﺎت ﺎﻟﻈﻼم ــﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم ــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺻــﻌﺔ واﻟﻠ إﻻ أن ﺳــﺎوث ــ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻘﻀـﻲ اﻟﻨﻬــﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺘﻌﺎً ﺄﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ اﻟﺴـﺎﻃﻌﺔ وﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ اﻷﻟـﻮاح اﻟﺸﻤﺴـ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄـﺔ ﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮب . ﺗـﻮﻓﺮﻫـﺬﻩ اﻷﻟــﻮاح ﻣــﺎ ﻘــﺮ ﻣــﻦ 28 % ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣــﺔ ﻟﺘﺸــﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب . ــﺎس اﻟــ ــﻮن ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺼــﻌﺐ ﻗ ﻗـﺪ ﻳ ـ ﺤ ﻢ ـ اﻟـ ﺤﻘ ﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺻــﺪ ﻓـﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺼـﻮر اﻟــ ﺠﻮ ﺔ ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻫــﺬﻩ . ﺣـﺎول اﻛﺘﺸــﺎف اﻟﺴــ ﺎرة اﻟﻔﻀـ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟــﻮدة ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻈــﻞ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﻠﻮث ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺻﻐ ة ﺟﺪاً أﻣﺎم ﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب . إن ﻫﺬه اﻹﺟـﺮاءات ﻻ ﺗﻔﻴـﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ إﻻ ﻋـﲆ ا ﺴﺘﻮى ا ﺤﲇ واﻟﻌﺎ ﻲ ﻓﻘـﻂ وﻟﻜﻨﻬـﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر إﻟﻬﺎم ﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت وا ﺮاﻓــﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴــﺔ اﻷﺧــﺮى . ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻋﲆ ﺗﻌ ـﺪﻳﻞ أداة ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻟﺤﺴــﺎ ﺑﺎت اﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻛﺮﻳﺲ دﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﰲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ": ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اً ﺪ راﺋـ اً دور ﺑـ ا ﺮاﺻــﺪ اﻟﺪوﻟ ﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ﻞ ﻣﺜ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﺘﺠـﺪدة وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ إﻟﻘـﺎء ﻧﻈـﺮة ﻓﺎﺣﺼـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺟﻌـﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎءة ﰲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ." إن اﻟﻬﺪف اﻷﻛﱪ ﻳﺘﻤﺜـﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﺧﻔـﺾ ﺑﻨﺴــﺒﺔ 50 % ﻣـﻦ ﺛــﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴـﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋـﺎم 2027 ، ﻳﺘﻨـﺎول ﺑﺮ ﻧـﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﺻــﻴﺔ اﻟــﻮاردة ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳــﺮ ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟ ﻔﻠﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻘﺪ 2020 واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗـﻨﺺ ﻋـﲆ أﻧـﻪ " ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ زﻳـﺎدة اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮﺻ ـﺪ ﻋ ـﻦ ﺑﻌــﺪ وا ــﺆﺗﻤﺮات ا ﺨﺘﻠﻄ ـﺔ وا ﺆﺗﻤﺮات ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻋـﲆ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﺗﻐ ا ﻨـﺎخ واﺳـﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔً ﻠﺘﺰم ﻳ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻ ب ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴـﻞ ﺳـﻔﺮ ا ﻮﻇﻔ ا ﻤﻮل ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 50 % ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﺑﺤﻠـﻮل أواﺧﺮ ﻋﺎم 2026 وﺳﻴﻮﻓ ﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﻬﺪ أﻳﻀًـﺎ ًﺗﻤﻮﻳﻼً إﺿﺎﻓﻴ ﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ا ﻌﺪات ا ـﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ واﻷﻟـﻮاح اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ﻋــﱪ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻹﺿﺎﰲ ا ﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﻳﻘﱰح ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻ ب أﻳﻀـ ﺎً ﺗﺤـﺪﻳﺜﺎت إ ﺧـﺮى ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺮاﻓﻖ ا ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة واﻟﻘﻤـﺔ ﰲ أرﻳﺰوﻧـﺎ وﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة واﻟﻘﻤـﺔ ﰲ أرﻳﺰوﻧـﺎ وﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ﺗ ﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌـﺔ و اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳـﺔ وﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺟـﺪ اً ﰲ ﻣﺒﻨـﻰ ا ﻘـﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﴘ ـ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻛﺴﻮن . ﻳ ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺆدي ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺜﺎت إﱃ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﺑﻤﻘﺪار 690 ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات ﰲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻨ ﺎً ﻮﻳ وﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎء ﰲ ا ﻨﺸـﺄة ﺑﺤﻮاﱄ 300 ﻃﻦ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻜـﺎﻓﺊ ﺛـﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴـﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﺳﻨﻮﻳ ﺎً وﺳـﻴﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳـﻞ أﻳﻀـﺎً اﺳـــﺘﺒﺪ ال ﺛﻤـــﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـــﺎت ﺗﻌﻤـــﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ / اﻟﺪﻳﺰل ﺑﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻮل أﻛـﱪ إﱃ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎرات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ا ﻮاﻗـﻊ وﺗﺸـﻤﻞ ا ﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ ا ﻤﻮﻟـﺔ اﻷ ﺧـﺮى ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﺤـﻮﻻت ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﻜﻔــﺎءة و ﻣﺼــﺎﺑﻴﺢ إل إي دي ، وﻣﺮاﻛــﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣـﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺸـﺎت ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧ ـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﰲ أرﻳﺰو ﻧ ـﺎ وﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ) ﺗ ـﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴ ـﺬ ﺗﻐﻴ ات ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ﻫـﺎواي .( ﺳﻴﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ا ﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً ا ﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿ ﺎً ﰲ اﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻮاﱄ 43 .% ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﻮد ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﻗـﻒ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺤـﺪ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﺠـﺮي اﻟﺴـﻌﻲ ﺑﻨﺸـﺎط ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﺻـﻮل إﱃ ﻫﺪف اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 50 % ﺑﺤﻠـﻮل ﻋـﺎم 2027 . إن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻐﻴ ات اﻟﻜﺒ ة واﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻋﲆ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮاء ﺳﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب أﻗ ﺮب إﱃ واﻗﻊ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴًﺎ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸـﺂت ﺑﻤﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﺧﱰاﻗﺎت ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺒﻴﺌﺘﻨﺎ . إن ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﺮد اﺣﺘﻤـﺎ ل ﺑﻞ ﻫـﻮ ﻣﺴـﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻳ ﻠﺘـﺰم ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ أﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ .