Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2024 ARABIC VERSION

C onducting fron- tier research into the wonders of the Universe is a never- ending pursuit that re- quires observatories to have a reliable source of energy to power their operations. NOIRLab recognizes the impact that its energy needs have on the environ- ment and surrounding communities and is thus committed to minimiz- ing the environmental impact of its facilities and operations in Ari- zona, Chile and Hawai’i. This commitment incor- porates diverse initia- tives ranging from re- ducing NOIRLab’s facili- ties’ grid electricity us- age and staff air travel to making improve- ments to base facility equipment and infra- structure. Projects such as these will allow NOIRLab to maintain good steward- ship both locally and globally. Guiding this endeavor is NOIRLab’s Environmental Sustainability Pro- gram, which aims to reduce NOIR- Lab’s entire annual carbon output by 50% by the end of 2027, relative to the 2019 baseline and including the Vera C. Rubin Observatory oper- ations at Cerro Pachón. Without ac- tion, NOIRLab’s current carbon foot- print is approximately 12,500 tons CO 2 equivalent per year. The goal is to reach 6200 tons CO 2 equivalent by late 2027 — a reduction comparable to the footprint of the annual elec- tricity consumption of 1250 typical US houses. This goal will be achieved thanks to generous funding from the National Science Foundation. With the approved supplemental funding, NOIRLab will install one large integrated photovoltaic (solar panel) and battery energy storage system to feed the facilities on Cerro Pachón in Chile. In particular, this system will cover 100% of the elec- tricity usage from the Gemini South telescope, one half of the Interna- tional Gemini Observatory operated by NSF’s NOIRLab, and about 60% of Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s electric- ity needs. When completed the joint system will comprise a 2860-kilowatt photovoltaic system paired with a 11-Megawatt Hour (MWh) battery storage system. This system will pro- duce about 5300 MWh of electricity annually and will reduce NOIRLab’s annual carbon footprint by 2900 tons CO2 equivalent — comparable to the annual electricity consump- tion of about 500 typical US houses. The impact of such actions will not JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2024 إن اﻟﻘﻴــﺎم ﺑــ ﺈﺟﺮاء أﺑﺤــﺎث ﻌﺠﺎ ﺑ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺋﺐ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻫـﻮ ﻣﺴﻌﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ أﺑﺪاً وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ا ﺮاﺻﺪ أن ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻟـﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺼــﺪر ﻣﻮﺛــﻮق ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗــﺔ ﻟﺘﺸــﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬــﺎ ﺪرك ﻳــ . ا ﺨﺘﱪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﴫي واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ) ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( ﺗـﺄﺛ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻋـ ﲆ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ وا ﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎت ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ ﺑــﻪ وﺑﺎﻟﺘــﺎﱄ ﻓﻬــ ﻮ ﻣﻠﺘــﺰم ﺎﻟﺑ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘـﺄﺛ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﻲ ﺮاﻓﻘﻪ وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗـﻪ ﰲ أرﻳﺰوﻧـﺎ وﺗﺸﻴﲇ وﻫﺎواي ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﻣﺒﺎدرات ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺗـﱰاوح ﺑـ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﻞ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎء ﻟﺸـﺒﻜﺔ ) ﻣﻨﺸـﺂت ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( وﺳـﻔﺮ ا ــﻮﻇﻔ ﺟــﻮ اً إﱃ إﺟــﺮاء ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﺪات ا ﻨﺸﺄة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ . ﺗُﻈﻬــــﺮ ـــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻫـــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــــﻮرة اﻟﻠ ﻠ ﻮب ﺳـــــــــﺎوث اﻟﻤﻮﺟـــــــــﻮد ﻓـــــــــﻲﺳــــــــــ و ـــــــــ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﺗﺸــــﻮن ﻓــــﻲ ﺗﺸــــ ﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻈــــﺮًا راﺋﻌًــــﺎ ﻟﻤﺠــــﺮة ﺗﻘـــــــــﻮسﻓـــــــــﻲ اﻷﻋﻠــــــــــﻰ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧـــــــــﺔ اﻟـــــــــ وﺗـــــــــــــــــــــﻨﻌﻜﺲﻋﻠـــــــــــــــــــــﻰ ﻌـــــــــــــــــــــﺾ اﻷﻟــــــــــــــــــــــﻮاح ـــــــﺎﻟﻎ ﻋـــــــﺪدﻫﺎ اﻟ ﻬﺮوﺿـــــــﻮﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ٦٦٨ ﻟﻮﺣـــــــﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة واﻟ . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ إﺟـــــــــــﺮاء ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗـــــــــــﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘـــــــــــﺎرﻟﻨﻈـــــــــــﺎم اﻟﻄﺎﻗــــــــــــﺔ ﻣﺴـــــــــــﺢ ﺟﻴـــــــــــﻮﺗﻘ اﻟ ﻬﺮوﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ واﻟ ﻄﺎر ﺎت ﻓﻲﺳ و ﺎﺗﺸﻮن . 13 ﺳﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ إدارة ﺟﻴـﺪة ﻋـﲆ ا ﺴـﺘﻮﻳ ا ﺤﲇ واﻟﻌﺎ ﻲ . ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺬا ا ﺴـﻌﻰ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب واﻟﺬي ﻳﻬﺪف إﱃ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ إﺟﻤﺎﱄ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺴﻨﻮي ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 50% ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺎم 2027 ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﺨﻂ اﻷﺳﺎس ﻟﻌﺎم 2019 ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻓـ ا ﳼ روﺑ ﰲ ﺳـ و ﺑﺎﺗﺸـﻮن . ﺑـﺪون اﺗﺨـﺎذ أي إﺟـﺮاء، ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ اﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 12500 ﻦ ﻃﻦ ﻣ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﺳﻨﻮﻳ ﺎً واﻟﻬﺪف ﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ 6200 ﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺛـﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﺑﺤﻠـﻮل أواﺧـﺮ ﻋـﺎم 2027 وﻫﻮ اﻧﺨﻔـﺎض ﻣﻤﺎﺛـﻞ ﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ اﺳـﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء اﻟﺴﻨﻮي ﻟـ 1250 أﻣ ﻣﻨـﺰﻻً ﺎً ﺮﻳﻜﻴـ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴ .ﺎً ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬـﺪف ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳـﻞ اﻟﺴـﺨﻲ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻹﺿـﺎﰲ ا ﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻘﻮم ﻴﺳ ﻘﻮم ﻴﺳ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﱰﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﺒـ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ وﺗﺨـﺰﻳﻦ ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﺄت ﰲ ﺳ و ﺑﺎﺗﺸﻮن ﰲ و ﲇ ﺗﺸﻴ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص ﺳـﻴﻐﻄﻲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم 100 % ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳـﺎوث وﻧﺼـﻒ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ وﺣﻮاﱄ 60 % ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ( روﺑﳼ ﻓ ا ) ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء و ﻋﻨﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎﻟـﻪ ﺳﻴﺸـﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم ا ﺸﱰك ﻋﲆ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻬﺮوﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻘﺪرة 2860 ﻛﻴﻠﻮوات ﻣﻘﱰﻧ ﺎً ﺑﻨﻈـﺎم ﺗﺨـﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳـﺔ ﺑﻘﺪرة 11 ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات ﺑ ﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ . ﺳـﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺣﻮاﱄ 5300 ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات ﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎء ﺳـﻨﻮﻳًﺎ وﺳـﻴﻘﻠﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﻤﻘـﺪار 2900 ﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑـﺎء اﻟﺴـﻨﻮي ﻟﺤــﻮاﱄ 500 ﻣﻨــﺰل أﻣﺮﻳﻜــﻲ ﻧﻤــﻮذﺟﻲ . ـــــــــــ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 4