Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2023 ARABIC VERSION

39 channels and with local events in ESO Member States and beyond. In the above image, we see centre- stage the seven-light-year-long pil- lar of the Cone Nebula, which is part of the larger star-forming re- gion NGC 2264 and was discovered in the late 18 th century by as- tronomer William Herschel. In the sky, we find this horn-shaped neb- ula in the constellation Monoceros (The Unicorn), a surprisingly fitting name. Located less than 2500 light- years away, the Cone Nebula is rela- tively close to Earth, making it a well-studied object. But this view is more dramatic than any obtained before, as it showcases the nebula’s dark and impenetrable cloudy ap- pearance in a way that makes it re- semble a mythological creature. The Cone Nebula is a perfect example of the pillar-like shapes that develop in the giant clouds of cold molecular gas and dust, known for creating new stars. This type of pillar arises star formation, , and find proof that the Ex of our Universe is - ating. on our 60 years of ex-perience in astronomy development, discovery and cooperation, ESO con- tinues to chart new territory for as- tronomy, technology and interna- tional collaboration. With our cur- rent facilities and ESO’s upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), we will keep on addressing humanity’s biggest questions about the Uni- verse and enabling unimaginable discoveries.     ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٣٩ ﻧﺮى وﺳﻂ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة أﻋﻼه اﻟﻌﻤـﻮد اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺨـﺮوط وﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷﻛـﱪ ا ﺴـﻤﺎه اﻟﺘـﻲ NGC 2264 اﻛﺘﺸـﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜـ ﻲ وﻳﻠﻴﺎم ﻫ ﺷﻞ ﰲ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﴩ . ﻧﺠﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺮن ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ وﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺮن وﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ . ﻣﺜـﺎﱄ ﻳﺒﻌـﺪ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺨﺮوط أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ٢٥٠٠ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﻴًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺟﺮﻣﺎً ﻣﺪروﺳًﺎ ﺟﻴﺪً ا ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻈﺮة أﻛﺜﺮ دراﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أي وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻌﺮض ا ﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻐﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻖ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﱰاﻗـﻪ ﻟﻠﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗًﺎ أﺳﻄﻮرﻳًﺎ . ﻳُﻌـﺪ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻻً راﺋﻌًـﺎ ﻋـﲆ اﻷﺷـﻜﺎل اﻟﺸـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤـﺪة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺘﻄــﻮر ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗــﺔ ﻟﻠﻐــﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌــﻲ اﻟﺒــﺎرد واﻟﻐﺒــﺎر وا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة . ﻳﻨﺸـﺄ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣ ﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺪر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء اﻟﺴــﺎﻃﻌﺔ اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ا ﺘﻜﻮﻧـﺔ ﺣــﺪﻳﺜًﺎ رﻳﺎﺣًـ ﺎ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﻪ و أﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻘﺬف ا ﺎدة ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮاره ﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻋ. ﻳﺘﻢ دﻓﻊ ﻫﺬه ا ﺎدة ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ ﰲ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻛ ﺜﻴﻔﺔ وﻣﻈﻠﻤـﺔ وﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻷ ، ﻋﻤﺪة ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻳﺸـ ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻼﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸــﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم NGC 2264 . ﺗــﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﺆري و ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨ ـﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ﻳ ـﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻏﺎز اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق واﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ اﻟﻐـﺎز ﺑـﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤـﺮ إن . اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺷـﺤﺎت ﻳﺠﻌ ـﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸـ إﱃ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﺒﺪو ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ ﻣـﻊ ا ﺨـﺮوط اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ إن . ﴍارة ﻻﻣﻌـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺜﺎل واﺣـﺪ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد ا ﺬﻫﻠ ﺔ وا ﺬﻫﻠـﺔ اﻟﺘ ـﻲ أﺟﺮﺗﻬ ـﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟﺠﻨــﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴــﻨﻮات اﻟﺴﺘ ا ﺎﺿﻴﺔ . ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻷﻏـﺮاض اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴـﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﺼـﺺ ﻟﻸرﺻـﺎد اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘـﺎط اﻟﺼـﻮرة اﻷوﱃ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرج ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ودراﺳــﺔ اﻟﺜﻘ ـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ واﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋـﲆ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻋـﲆ ان اﻟﻜﻮن ﻳﺘﻤﺪد ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴـﺎرع . ﺑﻨـﺎءً ﺧﱪة ﻋﲆ اﻣﺘﺪت ٦٠ ﻋﺎﻣًـﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺠـﺎل ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻳﺴـﺘﻤﺮ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ رﺳـﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻟﻌﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـ ﻚ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ واﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺪوﱄ ﻠﺔ وﻣﻮاﺻ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻛﱪ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣـ ت اﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺣﻮل . ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓ اﻳﺮ 2023 ﺳـﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺨـﺮوطﻫـﻮ ﺟـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ﺗﺸـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـ ﻮم ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ، NGC 2264 ، ﺗ ﻌـﺪ ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ ٢٥٠٠ ﺳــﻨﺔ . ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻄـﻮرﻓـﻲ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗـﺔ ﺸ ﮫ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻤﺘﺎزﻟﻸﺷ ﺎل اﻟ ﻣﻈﻬﺮﻩ اﻟﺬ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐــﺎزاﻟـ ـ ـﺪة ــﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺠــﻮم ﺟﺪ ــﺎر، واﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺘ ــﺎرد واﻟﻐ اﻟ ﺠﺰ . اﻟﺘﻘﻄــﺖ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﻈـﺮاﻟــ ـ ﺠﺪ ﺪ ﻟﻠﺴـﺪ ﻢ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎزﻣﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﺆري و ﺗﺸﺘﺖ و ذ ﻣﻄ ﺎف ﺎﻟ ﻣﺘﺼـﻠﺔ و ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮب اﻟ ﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪًا ا ﻓـﻲ ﻟﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﺗﻢ إﺻﺪارﻫ ﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴﺘ ﻟ ﺘﺄﺳ ﺲا ﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ .