Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2023 ARABIC VERSION

or the past 60 years the Euro- pean Southern Observatory (ESO) has been enabling scien- tists worldwide to discover the se- crets of the Universe. We mark this milestone by bringing you a spec- new image of a star factory,the Cone Nebula, taken with ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). On 5 October 1962 five countries signed the convention to create ESO. Now, six decades later and sup- ported by 16 Member States and strategic partners, ESO brings to- scientists and engineers from across the globe to develop and op- advanced ground-based ob- in Chile that enable astronomical - . To mark its anniversary, ESO released this extraordinary - age of the Cone Nebula, captured with one of ESO's telescopes and - lected by the observatory staff. The image is part of a campaign which celebrated ESO’s anniver- in late 2022, both on social ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٣٨ ﺳـــــﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺨـــــﺮوط ﻌﻴـــــﻮن اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺧﻮان ﺎرﻟﻮسﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮزﻣﺎﺗﻴﻮس اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﺴـﺘ ﻋﺎﻣًـﺎ ا ﺎﺿـﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻤﻜـ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﴎار اﻟﻜﻮن ﻳ ﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑ ﻬﺬا اﻹﻧﺠﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ﻢ ﺻـﻮرة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﺼـﻨﻊ ﻧﺠﻤـﻲ وﻫـﻮ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺨﺮوط ، ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟـﺪاً اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـﻪ . ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺧﻤـﺲ دول وﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ٥ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ١٩٦٢ ﻋﲆ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ إﻧﺸـﺎء ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ . اﻵن ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺳـﺘﺔ ـــــ ﻋﻘﻮد وﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ١٦ دوﻟـﺔ ﻋﻀـﻮ و ﴍﻛـﺎء إﺳــﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﻮن ، ﻳﺠﻤــﻊ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﺎء وا ﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﺘﻄـﻮﻳﺮ وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺮاﺻﺪ أرﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻠﻜﻴـﺔ . راﺋﻌـﺔ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔـﺎل ــــــــ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺴﺘ ﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺴﻪ أﻃﻠﻖ ا ﺮﺻﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻏ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺨﺮوط ﺠـﺰء ﻛ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻔﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ أواﺧﺮ ﻋﺎم ٢٠٢٢ ، ﺳﻮاء ﻋﲆ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ أو ﺿﻤﻦ اﻷﺣﺪاث ا ﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ـﺪول اﻷﻋﻀــﺎء ﰲ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ وﺧﺎرﺟﻬــﺎ . ـــــــــــ ﻗﺎم ﺗﻈ ﻬـﺮﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺴــﺢ اﻟﺴــﻤﺎء اﻟﺮﻗﻤــﻲ ) اس اس د ( ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺣــﻮلﺳــﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺨـــﺮوط . اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ اﻟﻀــ ﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻓـــﻲوﺳـــﻂ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﻫـــﻲ NGC 2264 ، وﻫـــﻲﻣﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺗﻀﻢ ﻋﻨﻘﻮد ﺷﺠﺮة ﻋ ﺪ اﻟﻤ ﻼد و ﺳﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط أﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ) ﻓﻲﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻹﻃﺎر .( ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓ اﻳﺮ 2023