Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2023 ARABIC VERSION

Meanwhile, carbon monoxide (CO) was detected, but obvious signa- tures of both methane (CH 4 ) and hy- drogen sulfide (H 2 S) were absent from the Webb data. If present, these molecules occur at very low levels. To capture this broad spec- trum of WASP-39 b’s atmosphere, an international team numbering in the hundreds independently analyzed data from four of the Webb tele- scope’s finely calibrated instrument modes. “We had predicted what [the telescope] would show us, but it was more precise, more diverse, and more beautiful than I actually be- lieved it would be,” said Hannah Wakeford, an astrophysicist at the JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2023 T position of the hot he atmospheric com- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ Astronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ٣٤ ﺧﻼل ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋـﻦ أول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن (CO) وﻟﻜﻦ اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻮاﺿـﺤﺔ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ا ﻴﺜـﺎن (CH4) وﻛﱪﻳﺘﻴــﺪ اﻟﻬﻴــﺪروﺟ (H2S) ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻏﺎﺋﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ . ﺟـﺪًا ﻻﻟﺘﻘـﺎط ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻴـﻒ اﻟﻮاﺳـﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ WASP-39 b ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ دوﱄ ﺑﺈﺣﺼﺎء ا ﺌـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬـﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻌـﺔ أوﺿﺎع أداة ﻣﻌـﺎﻳﺮة ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﻧﺎ وﻳﻜﻔﻮرد ﻋﺎ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــــﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــــﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮل " : ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ] ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب [ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ وﺗﻨﻮﻋً ﺎ وأﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﻨـﺖ أﺗﻮﻗﻌـﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ إن وﺟﻮد ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـــﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻐـــﻼف اﻟﺠــﻮي ﻟﻜﻮﻛــﺐ ﺧــﺎرج ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﺤـﺔ ﻋـﻦ وﻓـﺮة اﻟﻌﻨـﺎﴏ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠــﻖ ﺑﺒﻌﻀــﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن إﱃ اﻷﻛﺴﺠ أو اﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳـﻴﻮم إﱃ اﻷﻛﺴـﺠ وﻫﺬا ﺑﺪوره ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺛﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ - ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻏ ه - ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻷم ﰲ ﺳـﻨﻮاﺗﻪ اﻻوﱃ . ﻳﺸـ ا ﺨـﺰون اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ WASP-39 b ﻟ ﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪاث اﻻﻧ ﻬﻴﺎرات واﻧ ــﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت أﺟﺴـــﺎم أﺻـــﻐﺮ ﺗﺴـــﻤﻰ ﺑﻼﻧ ) ﺘﻴﺴﻴﻤﺎﻟﺲ ( ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻛﺒ ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ا ﻄﺎف . ﻗﺎل ﻛﺎزوﻣﺎﺳﺎ أوﻧﻮﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ واﻟـﺬي ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت وﻳـﺐ " : ﺗﺸـ وﻓـﺮة اﻟﻜﱪﻳـﺖ ] ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ إﱃ [ اﻟﻬﻴ ـﺪروﺟ إﱃ أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛ ـﺐ ـــــ ﻳُﻔﱰض أﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻤًﺎ ﻛﺒـ ًا اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم ﰲ اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ] ﻫﺬه ا ﻜﻮﻧﺎت [ إﱃ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ." ﺗﺸ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت أﻳﻀًـﺎ إﱃ أن اﻷﻛﺴﺠ أﻛﺜﺮ وﻓﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي . ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﺸ ﻫـﺬا نﺑـﺄ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ WASP-39 b ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓ اﻳﺮ 2023